文章目录

海洋传染性白血病在普通蛤的体细胞进化

原文发布日期：2023-10-02

英文摘要：

摘要翻译：

原文链接：

文章：

海洋传染性白血病在普通蛤的体细胞进化

Somatic evolution of marine transmissible leukemias in the common cockle, Cerastoderma edule

原文发布日期：2023-10-02

英文摘要：

Transmissible cancers are malignant cell lineages that spread clonally between individuals. Several such cancers, termed bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN), induce leukemia-like disease in marine bivalves. This is the case of BTN lineages affecting the common cockle, Cerastoderma edule, which inhabits the Atlantic coasts of Europe and northwest Africa. To investigate the evolution of cockle BTN, we collected 6,854 cockles, diagnosed 390 BTN tumors, generated a reference genome and assessed genomic variation across 61 tumors. Our analyses confirmed the existence of two BTN lineages with hemocytic origins. Mitochondrial variation revealed mitochondrial capture and host co-infection events. Mutational analyses identified lineage-specific signatures, one of which likely reflects DNA alkylation. Cytogenetic and copy number analyses uncovered pervasive genomic instability, with whole-genome duplication, oncogene amplification and alkylation-repair suppression as likely drivers. Satellite DNA distributions suggested ancient clonal origins. Our study illuminates long-term cancer evolution under the sea and reveals tolerance of extreme instability in neoplastic genomes.

摘要翻译：

可传递的癌症是能够在个体之间通过克隆性传播的恶性细胞系。几种被称为双壳类癌变（Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia, BTN）的此类癌症，在marine bivalves中诱导出类似白血病的症状。这种现象表现为BTN线系影响了广泛分布于欧洲西海岸和西北非洲沿海地带的共用 cockle Cerastoderma edule。为了研究 cockle 的 BTN 演变，我们收集并检查了 6854 只 cockles，诊断出 390例 BTN 癌瘤，并制备了参考基因组，评估了 61 个肿瘤的基因组多样性。我们的分析确认了两种具有血细胞来源的BTN线系的存在。线粒体变化显示出了线粒体捕获和宿主联合作用。通过突变分析发现了一些特征性的突变标记，其中可能一个反映了 DNA 甲基化。染色体形态学和复制数分析揭示出广泛存在的基因组不稳定现象，整个染色体组的倍增、致癌基因的扩增以及修复抑制可能是其驱动因素之一。卫星 DNA 分布显示这种线系具有古老的克隆起源。本研究照亮了海洋中癌症长期演化的规律，并揭示了癌变基因组耐受极端不稳定性的能力。