文章：

循环外泌体和外泌体microRNA作为胃肠道癌症的生物标志物

Circulating exosomes and exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancer 

原文发布日期：2016-12-16 

英文摘要：

The most important biological function of exosomes is their possible use as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. Compared with biomarkers identified in conventional specimens such as serum or urine, exosomal biomarkers provide the highest amount of sensitivity and specificity, which can be attributed to their excellent stability. Exosomes, which harbor different types of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, are present in almost all bodily fluids. The molecular constituents of exosomes, especially exosomal proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), are promising as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. This discovery that exosomes also contain messenger RNAs and miRNAs shows that they could be carriers of genetic information. Although the majority of RNAs found in exosomes are degraded RNA fragments with a length of <200 nucleotides, some full-length RNAs might be present that may affect protein production in the recipient cell. In addition, exosomal miRNAs have been found to be associated with certain diseases. Several studies have pointed out miRNA contents of circulating exosomes that are similar to those of originating cancer cells. In this review, the recent advances in circulating exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers are discussed. These studies indicated that miRNAs can be detected in exosomes isolated from body fluids such as saliva, which suggests potential advantages of using exosomal miRNAs as noninvasive novel biomarkers. 

摘要翻译： 

外泌体最重要的生物学功能，是其在临床诊断中作为生物标志物的潜在应用价值。与血清或尿液等传统标本中的生物标志物相比，外泌体生物标志物具有最高的敏感性和特异性，这归因于其卓越的稳定性。外泌体存在于几乎所有体液中，携带多种蛋白质、核酸和脂质分子。其中外泌体蛋白和微小RNA（miRNA）等分子成分尤其具有成为临床诊断标志物的潜力。外泌体含有信使RNA和miRNA的这一发现，表明它们可能作为遗传信息的载体。虽然外泌体中大部分RNA是长度＜200个核苷酸的降解片段，但某些完整长度的RNA可能存在于其中，并影响受体细胞的蛋白质合成。此外，研究发现外泌体miRNA与特定疾病存在关联。多项研究指出循环外泌体中的miRNA成分与来源癌细胞具有相似性。本文综述了循环外泌体miRNA作为胃肠道癌症生物标志物的最新进展。这些研究表明，从唾液等体液中分离的外泌体可检测到miRNA，这提示外泌体miRNA作为新型无创生物标志物具有潜在优势。

原文链接：

Circulating exosomes and exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancer