文章：

使用自复制RNA病毒平台的癌症疫苗策略

Cancer vaccine strategies using self-replicating RNA viral platforms 

原文发布日期：2022-07-12 

英文摘要：

The development and success of RNA-based vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 has awakened new interest in utilizing RNA vaccines against cancer, particularly in the emerging use of self-replicating RNA (srRNA) viral vaccine platforms. These vaccines are based on different single-stranded RNA viruses, which encode RNA for target antigens in addition to replication genes that are capable of massively amplifying RNA messages after infection. The encoded replicase genes also stimulate innate immunity, making srRNA vectors ideal candidates for anti-tumor vaccination. In this review, we summarize different types of srRNA platforms that have emerged and review evidence for their efficacy in provoking anti-tumor immunity to different antigens. These srRNA platforms encompass the use of naked RNA, DNA-launched replicons, viral replicon particles (VRP), and most recently, synthetic srRNA replicon particles. Across these platforms, studies have demonstrated srRNA vaccine platforms to be potent inducers of anti-tumor immunity, which can be enhanced by homologous vaccine boosting and combining with chemotherapies, radiation, and immune checkpoint inhibition. As such, while this remains an active area of research, the past and present trajectory of srRNA vaccine development suggests immense potential for this platform in producing effective cancer vaccines. 

摘要翻译： 

针对SARS-CoV-2的RNA疫苗的开发与成功，重新激发了人们利用RNA疫苗抗击癌症的兴趣，尤其是新兴的自复制RNA（srRNA）病毒疫苗平台的应用。这些疫苗基于不同的单链RNA病毒，除能感染后大幅扩增RNA信息的复制基因外，还编码目标抗原的RNA。其编码的复制酶基因同时可刺激先天免疫反应，使srRNA载体成为抗肿瘤疫苗的理想候选者。本文综述了目前已出现的各类srRNA平台，并评估其在激发针对不同抗原的抗肿瘤免疫效应方面的证据。这些srRNA平台涵盖裸RNA、DNA启动的复制子、病毒复制子颗粒（VRP），以及最新的合成srRNA复制子颗粒。多项研究表明，跨这些平台的srRNA疫苗能有效诱导抗肿瘤免疫，且可通过同源疫苗加强、联合化疗、放疗及免疫检查点抑制等方式增强效果。因此，尽管该领域仍处于积极研究阶段，但srRNA疫苗发展的过去与现在轨迹表明，该平台在研发有效癌症疫苗方面具有巨大潜力。

原文链接：

Cancer vaccine strategies using self-replicating RNA viral platforms