文章：

癌症中的营养清除

Cancer in wildlife: patterns of emergence

原文发布日期：2018-08-16

DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0045-0

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

英文摘要：

Cancer is ubiquitous in wildlife, affecting animals from bivalves to pachyderms and cetaceans. Reports of increasing frequency demonstrate that neoplasia is associated with substantial mortality in wildlife species. Anthropogenic activities and global weather changes are shaping new geographical limitations for many species, and alterations in living niches are associated with visible examples of genetic bottlenecks, toxin exposures, oncogenic pathogens, stress and immunosuppression, which can all contribute to cancers in wild species. Nations that devote resources to monitoring the health of wildlife often do so for human-centric reasons, including for the prediction of the potential for zoonotic disease, shared contaminants, chemicals and medications, and for observing the effect of exposure from crowding and loss of habitat. Given the increasing human footprint on land and in the sea, wildlife conservation should also become a more important motivating factor. Greater attention to the patterns of the emergence of wildlife cancer is imperative because growing numbers of species are existing at the interface between humans and the environment, making wildlife sentinels for both animal and human health. Therefore, monitoring wildlife cancers could offer interesting and novel insights into potentially unique non-age-related mechanisms of carcinogenesis across species.

摘要翻译： 

癌症在野生动物中无处不在，从双壳类动物到厚皮动物和鲸类动物均受影响。日益频繁的报道表明，肿瘤形成与野生动物物种的高死亡率相关。人类活动和全球气候变化正在重塑许多物种的地理界限，生存环境的改变与遗传瓶颈、毒素暴露、致癌病原体、应激和免疫抑制等显著实例相关联，这些因素都可能促成野生物种的癌症发生。各国投入资源监测野生动物健康通常出于人类中心主义的考量，包括预测人畜共患疾病的可能性、共享污染物、化学物质和药物，以及观察拥挤和栖息地丧失带来的暴露效应。鉴于人类在陆地和海洋上日益扩大的足迹，野生动物保护也应成为更重要的驱动因素。加强对野生动物癌症发生模式的关注至关重要，因为越来越多物种生存在人类与环境的交界地带，使野生动物成为动物和人类健康的哨兵。因此，监测野生动物癌症或可为跨物种潜在独特的非年龄相关致癌机制提供有趣而新颖的见解。

原文链接：

Cancer in wildlife: patterns of emergence