文章：

转移前生态位：转移的器官特异性家园

Pre-metastatic niches: organ-specific homes for metastases

原文发布日期：2017-03-17

DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.6

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Organs of future metastasis are selectively and actively modified by the primary tumour before metastatic spread has occurred.
2. Tumours induce the formation of microenvironments in distant organs that are conducive to the survival and outgrowth of tumour cells before their arrival at these sites. These microenvironments are termed pre-metastatic niches (PMNs).
3. PMN formation is a stepwise process resulting from the combined systemic effects of tumour-secreted factors and tumour-shed extracellular vesicles.
4. PMN formation is initiated with local changes such as the induction of vascular leakiness, remodelling of stroma and extracellular matrix, followed by systemic effects on the immune system.
5. The development of new technologies and approaches to identify PMNs in distant organ sites in patients could revolutionize cancer treatment and lead to pre-emptive treatments to hinder metastasis.
6. The PMN is a new paradigm for the initiation of metastasis. Our ability to fight metastasis would benefit greatly from understanding the pathological processes occurring before the development of macrometastases.

要点翻译：

1. 在原发肿瘤发生转移扩散之前，未来可能发生转移的器官会被其选择性并主动地改造。
2. 肿瘤在远处器官诱导形成适宜肿瘤细胞存活与生长的微环境，这些微环境被称为转移前微生态位。
3. 转移前微生态位的形成是一个逐步过程，由肿瘤分泌因子和肿瘤脱落的细胞外囊泡共同产生的系统性效应所驱动。
4. 该形成过程始于局部变化，如诱导血管渗漏、基质重塑和细胞外基质重构，继而引发免疫系统的系统性反应。
5. 开发新技术与方法以识别患者远处器官中的转移前微生态位，可能彻底改变癌症治疗模式，并催生预防转移的先行治疗方案。
6. 转移前微生态位是认识转移起源的新范式。理解巨转移形成前的病理过程，将极大提升我们对抗转移的能力。

英文摘要：

It is well established that organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumour cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumour before metastatic spread has even occurred. Sowing the 'seeds' of metastasis requires the action of tumour-secreted factors and tumour-shed extracellular vesicles that enable the 'soil' at distant metastatic sites to encourage the outgrowth of incoming cancer cells. In this Review, we summarize the main processes and new mechanisms involved in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche.

摘要翻译： 

业已证实，未来发生转移的器官并非被动接收循环肿瘤细胞的场所，而是在转移扩散发生之前就被原发肿瘤选择性地主动改造。要播下转移的‘种子’，需要肿瘤分泌因子及肿瘤脱落的胞外囊泡协同作用，使远处转移部位的‘土壤’得以促进迁移进入癌细胞的生长。本文综述了前转移微境形成的主要过程及新机制。

原文链接：

Pre-metastatic niches: organ-specific homes for metastases