文章：

成纤维细胞在癌症中的生物学和功能

The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer

原文发布日期：2016-08-23

DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.73

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Resting or quiescent adult fibroblasts are indolent and probably remnants of mesenchymal cells during organ development.
2. Resting fibroblasts serve as precursors of activated fibroblasts including myofibroblasts.
3. Resting fibroblasts share some features with adult tissue stem cells and embryonic stem cells.
4. Activated fibroblasts can differentiate into adipocytes and chondrocytes and exhibit the potential to be programmed into induced pluripotent stem cells, in part because of their epigenetic and transcriptomic state, which favours their reprogramming efficiency.
5. Resting fibroblasts can differentiate into active fibroblasts that are synthetically active and can generate growth factors and extracellular matrix.
6. Cancer metabolism is influenced by activated fibroblasts.
7. Activated fibroblasts recruit immune cells and regulate tumour immunity.
8. Activated fibroblasts modulate chemoresistance.
9. Angiogenesis can be stimulated by activated fibroblasts.
10. It is now generally accepted that cancer-associated fibroblasts are a heterogeneous population with distinct functions.
11. Cancer-associated fibroblasts can serve as positive and negative regulators of tumour progression.

要点翻译：

1. 静息态或休眠态的成体成纤维细胞呈静止状态，可能是器官发育过程中间充质细胞的残余结构。
2. 静息成纤维细胞可作为活化成纤维细胞（包括肌成纤维细胞）的前体细胞。
3. 静息成纤维细胞与成体组织干细胞及胚胎干细胞具有部分共同特征。
4. 活化成纤维细胞能分化为脂肪细胞和软骨细胞，并展现出被重编程为诱导多能干细胞的可能性，这部分归因于其表观遗传和转录组状态有利于细胞重编程效率。
5. 静息成纤维细胞可分化为合成活性增强的活化成纤维细胞，后者能够产生生长因子和细胞外基质。
6. 肿瘤代谢受活化成纤维细胞影响。
7. 活化成纤维细胞可招募免疫细胞并调控肿瘤免疫。
8. 活化成纤维细胞能够调节化疗耐药性。
9. 活化成纤维细胞可刺激血管生成。
10. 目前学界普遍认为癌症相关成纤维细胞是具有异质性的细胞群，包含功能各异的亚群。
11. 癌症相关成纤维细胞既可正向也可负向调控肿瘤进展。

英文摘要：

Among all cells, fibroblasts could be considered the cockroaches of the human body. They survive severe stress that is usually lethal to all other cells, and they are the only normal cell type that can be live-cultured from post-mortem and decaying tissue. Their resilient adaptation may reside in their intrinsic survival programmes and cellular plasticity. Cancer is associated with fibroblasts at all stages of disease progression, including metastasis, and they are a considerable component of the general host response to tissue damage caused by cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) become synthetic machines that produce many different tumour components. CAFs have a role in creating extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and metabolic and immune reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment with an impact on adaptive resistance to chemotherapy. The pleiotropic actions of CAFs on tumour cells are probably reflective of them being a heterogeneous and plastic population with context-dependent influence on cancer.

摘要翻译： 

在所有细胞中，成纤维细胞堪称人体中的“蟑螂”。它们能在对其他细胞致命的极端胁迫下存活，也是唯一能从死亡及腐败组织中成功分离培养的正常细胞类型。这种顽强的适应力可能源于其内在的生存程序和细胞可塑性。在癌症发生、发展乃至转移的各个阶段，均有成纤维细胞的身影，它们是机体应对癌细胞所致组织损伤的重要反应组分。肿瘤相关成纤维细胞（CAFs）转变为“合成工厂”，可产生多种肿瘤组分。CAFs参与构建细胞外基质（ECM）结构，并对肿瘤微环境进行代谢与免疫重编程，从而影响肿瘤对化疗的适应性耐药。CAFs对肿瘤细胞的多效作用，正反映了其作为异质且可塑性极强的群体，在不同情境下对癌症产生差异化影响。

原文链接：

The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer