文章：

骨髓细胞在癌症治疗中的作用

The role of myeloid cells in cancer therapies

原文发布日期：2016-06-24

DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.54

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Myeloid cells can be abundant in the tumour stroma and emerging evidence indicates that the presence of these cells influences patient outcome in many cancer types.
2. Myeloid cells comprise various subsets that exhibit divergent functions. Whereas most myeloid cells promote cancer outgrowth, others display potent antitumour activity.
3. Tumours co-opt myeloid cells to promote cancer growth. This process occurs not only within the local tumour microenvironment but also in various distant body compartments.
4. Myeloid cells can favour or hinder each step of the metastatic cascade.
5. Myeloid cells have a central, yet still largely unexplored, role in virtually all therapeutic modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
6. Modulating myeloid cell functions in therapy is an attractive option to augment the efficacy of current treatment options.

要点翻译：

1. 髓系细胞在肿瘤基质中可能含量丰富，新出现的证据表明这些细胞的存在影响多种癌症类型的患者预后。
2. 髓系细胞包含多种具有不同功能的亚群。虽然大多数髓系细胞促进癌症生长，但其他细胞则表现出强大的抗肿瘤活性。
3. 肿瘤利用髓系细胞促进癌症生长。这一过程不仅发生在局部肿瘤微环境中，也发生在各种遥远的身体部位。
4. 髓系细胞可以促进或阻碍转移级联的每一步。
5. 髓系细胞在几乎所有治疗方式中都具有核心作用，包括手术、化疗、放疗、免疫疗法和靶向治疗，但其作用在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。
6. 在治疗中调节髓系细胞功能是增强当前治疗方案疗效的一个有吸引力的选择。

英文摘要：

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the ability to durably control cancer in some patients by manipulating T lymphocytes. These immunotherapies are revolutionizing cancer treatment but benefit only a minority of patients. It is thus a crucial time for clinicians, cancer scientists and immunologists to determine the next steps in shifting cancer treatment towards better cancer control. This Review describes recent advances in our understanding of tumour-associated myeloid cells. These cells remain less studied than T lymphocytes but have attracted particular attention because their presence in tumours is often linked to altered patient survival. Also, experimental studies indicate that myeloid cells modulate key cancer-associated activities, including immune evasion, and affect virtually all types of cancer therapy. Consequently, targeting myeloid cells could overcome limitations of current treatment options.

摘要翻译： 

近期临床试验表明，通过操控T淋巴细胞，可在部分患者中持久控制癌症。这些免疫疗法正在革新癌症治疗，但仅惠及少数患者。因此，临床医生、癌症科学家和免疫学家必须把握时机，确定下一步如何将癌症治疗转向更有效的癌症控制。本综述介绍了我们对肿瘤相关髓系细胞理解的最新进展。这些细胞的研究虽不及T淋巴细胞深入，但因它们在肿瘤中的存在常与患者生存率改变相关而备受关注。此外，实验研究表明，髓系细胞可调节免疫逃逸等关键癌症相关活动，并影响几乎所有类型的癌症治疗。因此，靶向髓系细胞有望克服现有治疗手段的局限。

原文链接：

The role of myeloid cells in cancer therapies