文章：

癌症中的中性粒细胞：不再是中性的

Neutrophils in cancer: neutral no more

原文发布日期：2016-06-10

DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.52

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. In patients with solid cancers, neutrophils expand both in the tumour microenvironment and systemically, and are generally associated with poor prognosis.
2. Genetically engineered mouse models for cancer have been crucial in identifying underlying mechanisms by which neutrophils influence tumour initiation, growth and metastasis.
3. Neutrophils exert multifaceted and sometimes opposing roles during cancer initiation, growth and dissemination.
4. Primary tumours activate granulopoiesis in the bone marrow and actively stimulate the release and recruitment of both mature neutrophils and their progenitors.
5. Depending on the spectrum and quantity of soluble mediators produced by cancer cells and cancer-associated cells, neutrophils can be polarized into different activation states by which they elicit various pro- or antitumour functions.
6. Interactions between neutrophils and other (immune) cells are key in exerting their function, and the interaction networks observed in cancer are often highly reminiscent of those seen in other immunological diseases.
7. Neutrophils modulate the efficacy of cancer therapies, and can also serve as biomarkers for progression and therapy response in cancer patients.
8. Now that there is a growing understanding of the impact of neutrophils on cancer, the mechanisms by which neutrophils promote cancer progression may be used as targets to maximize the efficacy of anticancer therapeutics.

要点翻译：

1. 在实体癌患者中，中性粒细胞在肿瘤微环境和全身系统中均会扩增，且通常与不良预后相关。
2. 基因工程小鼠癌症模型对于揭示中性粒细胞影响肿瘤发生、生长和转移的内在机制至关重要。
3. 中性粒细胞在癌症发生、生长和扩散过程中发挥着多面性作用，有时甚至呈现相互对立的功能。
4. 原发肿瘤会激活骨髓中的粒细胞生成过程，并主动刺激成熟中性粒细胞及其祖细胞的释放与募集。
5. 根据癌细胞及癌症相关细胞产生的可溶性介质谱系和数量差异，中性粒细胞可被极化至不同激活状态，从而发挥促癌或抗癌功能。
6. 中性粒细胞与其他（免疫）细胞间的相互作用是实现其功能的关键，在癌症中观察到的相互作用网络常与其他免疫性疾病中观察到的网络高度相似。
7. 中性粒细胞可调节癌症疗法的疗效，并可作为癌症患者病情进展和治疗反应的生物标志物。
8. 随着对中性粒细胞在癌症中作用的认识不断深入，中性粒细胞促进癌症进展的机制或可作为治疗靶点，以最大化抗癌疗法的疗效。

英文摘要：

Neutrophils are indispensable antagonists of microbial infection and facilitators of wound healing. In the cancer setting, a newfound appreciation for neutrophils has come into view. The traditionally held belief that neutrophils are inert bystanders is being challenged by the recent literature. Emerging evidence indicates that tumours manipulate neutrophils, sometimes early in their differentiation process, to create diverse phenotypic and functional polarization states able to alter tumour behaviour. In this Review, we discuss the involvement of neutrophils in cancer initiation and progression, and their potential as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

摘要翻译： 

中性粒细胞是微生物感染不可或缺的拮抗者，也是伤口愈合的促进者。在癌症背景下，人们对中性粒细胞有了新的认识。传统观点认为中性粒细胞是惰性的旁观者，但近期文献正挑战这一看法。新兴证据表明，肿瘤会在中性粒细胞分化早期就对其进行操控，使其产生多样的表型和功能极化状态，从而改变肿瘤行为。在本综述中，我们探讨中性粒细胞在癌症发生与进展中的作用，以及其作为临床生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。

原文链接：

Neutrophils in cancer: neutral no more