文章：

垂体瘤的发病机制

The pathogenesis of pituitary tumours

原文发布日期：2002-11-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc926

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. The pituitary gland is required for the maintenance of normal homeostasis of the individual, and is essential for propagation of the species.
2. Pituitary tumours can be the cause of mood disorders, sexual dysfunction, infertility, obesity and disfigurement, visual disturbances, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and accelerated heart disease.
3. Pituitary tumours are found in 20% of the population, but only one-third of these give rise to clinical manifestations.
4. Hormones that modulate normal pituitary hormonal activity and growth factors that are implicated in normal fetal pituitary development have been implicated in pituitary tumour growth, but are not likely to be the cause of human pituitary tumours.
5. Discrepancies between mouse models and human pituitary tumours might reflect different mechanisms of tumorigenesis, species variations or distinct methodologies.
6. Genetic mutations that are characterized in other human neoplasms are rare in human pituitary tumours.
7. Only a small percentage of pituitary tumours are associated with the inherited disorder, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome.

要点翻译：

1. 垂体对于维持个体正常稳态至关重要，并且对物种繁衍不可或缺。
2. 垂体肿瘤可能导致情绪障碍、性功能障碍、不孕不育、肥胖与容貌改变、视觉障碍、高血压、糖尿病及加速性心脏病。
3. 约20%的人群中存在垂体肿瘤，但其中仅三分之一会出现临床表现。
4. 调节正常垂体激素活性的激素与参与胎儿垂体正常发育的生长因子虽与垂体肿瘤生长有关，但不太可能是人类垂体肿瘤的病因。
5. 小鼠模型与人类垂体肿瘤之间的差异可能反映了不同的肿瘤发生机制、物种差异或研究方法的不同。
6. 其他人类肿瘤中常见的基因突变在人类垂体肿瘤中罕见。
7. 仅少数垂体肿瘤与遗传性疾病——多发性内分泌腺瘤病1型综合征相关。

英文摘要：

Pituitary tumours are common and show a range of hormonal and proliferative behaviours that provide a model for the study of neoplasia mechanisms. Mutations in classic oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes, however, are rarely associated with these tumours. In fact, most mechanisms of endocrine tumorigenesis differ significantly from those associated with haematological malignancies and non-endocrine tumours. Instead, tumorigenesis is promoted by hormones and growth factors that are implicated in pituitary development. Several mouse models have validated the roles of these alterations, although there are many differences in disease pathogenesis between mice and humans.

摘要翻译： 

垂体瘤常见，表现出多种激素分泌和增殖行为，为研究肿瘤发生机制提供了模型。然而，经典癌基因和抑癌基因的突变很少与这些肿瘤相关。事实上，大多数内分泌肿瘤的发生机制与血液系统恶性肿瘤和非内分泌肿瘤的机制显著不同。相反，垂体瘤的发生是由参与垂体发育的激素和生长因子所促进的。几种小鼠模型已验证了这些改变的作用，尽管小鼠与人类在疾病发病机制上存在许多差异。

原文链接：

The pathogenesis of pituitary tumours