文章：

维生素和矿物质缺乏是癌症的主要风险吗？

Are vitamin and mineral deficiencies a major cancer risk?

原文发布日期：2002-09-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc886

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Acute deficiencies of vitamins and minerals are rare in developed countries, but suboptimal nutrient intake — less than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) — is a widespread problem. Research indicates that considerable metabolic damage can still occur when nutrient intake levels fall below the RDA — even though they might not cause acute disease.
2. Evidence indicates that deficiencies of iron and zinc, and the vitamins folate, B12, B6 and C, can cause DNA damage and lead to cancer.
3. New animal bioassays of nutritional deficiencies are needed, particularly for studying cancer.
4. Reduced folate intake has been associated with cancer. Folate, B6 and B12 deficiencies cause the incorporation of deoxyuracil into DNA, leading to DNA breakage, and could promote tumorigenesis.
5. The relationship of vitamin and mineral deficiencies and cancer is extremely complex. An integrated analysis of the findings from epidemiological, animal-model, metabolic and intervention studies, as well as from genetic polymorphism research, is required.
6. Approaches to eliminating micronutrient deficiencies include improving diet, fortifying foods and providing multivitamin and mineral supplements. Prevention strategies such as these could have a significant impact on cancer and public health, with minimal risk being involved.

要点翻译：

1. 在发达国家，维生素和矿物质的急性缺乏症较为罕见，但营养素摄入量低于推荐每日允许量（RDA）的亚理想状态却普遍存在。研究表明，即使营养摄入水平尚未导致急性疾病，但当其低于RDA时仍可能引发显著的代谢损伤。
2. 有证据表明，铁、锌以及叶酸、维生素B12、B6和C的缺乏会导致DNA损伤并诱发癌症。
3. 亟需开展新的营养缺乏动物生物测定研究，特别是在癌症研究领域。
4. 叶酸摄入量减少与癌症发生存在关联。叶酸、B6和B12的缺乏会导致脱氧尿嘧啶掺入DNA，引发DNA断裂，从而可能促进肿瘤发生。
5. 维生素和矿物质缺乏与癌症的关系极其复杂。需要综合流行病学研究、动物模型、代谢与干预研究以及遗传多态性研究的发现进行整合分析。
6. 消除微量营养素缺乏的方法包括改善饮食结构、实施食品强化以及提供多种维生素和矿物质补充剂。此类预防策略可能对癌症防治和公共健康产生重大影响，且涉及风险极低。

英文摘要：

Diet is estimated to contribute to about one-third of preventable cancers — about the same amount as smoking. Inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals might explain the epidemiological findings that people who eat only small amounts of fruits and vegetables have an increased risk of developing cancer. Recent experimental evidence indicates that vitamin and mineral deficiencies can lead to DNA damage. Optimizing vitamin and mineral intake by encouraging dietary change, multivitamin and mineral supplements, and fortifying foods might therefore prevent cancer and other chronic diseases.

摘要翻译： 

饮食被认为约占可预防癌症的三分之一——与吸烟的比例大致相同。必需维生素和矿物质摄入不足可能解释了流行病学发现：只吃少量水果和蔬菜的人患癌症的风险增加。最近的实验证据表明，维生素和矿物质缺乏可导致DNA损伤。因此，通过鼓励饮食改变、多种维生素和矿物质补充剂以及强化食品来优化维生素和矿物质摄入，可能有助于预防癌症和其他慢性疾病。

原文链接：

Are vitamin and mineral deficiencies a major cancer risk?