文章：

乳头瘤病毒与癌症：从基础研究到临床应用

Papillomaviruses and cancer: from basic studies to clinical application

原文发布日期：2002-05-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc798

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes cause cervical cancer. The same types also seem to be responsible for other anogenital, and a subset of head and neck, cancers.
2. Viral oncogene transcription and oncoprotein expression are controlled by cellular signalling cascades.
3. Expression of specific viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, is required for maintaining the malignant growth of cervical cancer cells, specifically by inhibiting the tumour suppressors p53 and RB.
4. The detection of viral DNA and cellular proteins that are induced by high-risk HPV allow new approaches to cervical cancer screening to be taken.
5. Preventive and therapeutic vaccines against HPV infections are, at present, in clinical trials. The prospects for efficient prevention are excellent.
6. Global application of such vaccines could contribute significantly to reducing the human cancer burden.

要点翻译：

1. 高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）基因型是宫颈癌的致病因素。同类病毒基因型亦被证实可引发其他肛门生殖器癌及部分头颈部癌症。
2. 病毒癌基因的转录和癌蛋白的表达受细胞信号级联调控。
3. 特异性病毒癌蛋白E6和E7的表达通过抑制抑癌蛋白p53和RB，对维持宫颈癌细胞的恶性增殖具有关键作用。
4. 基于高危型HPV诱导的病毒DNA及细胞蛋白检测技术，为宫颈癌筛查提供了新型诊断途径。
5. 目前针对HPV感染的预防性和治疗性疫苗正处于临床试验阶段，高效预防前景广阔。
6. 此类疫苗的全球应用将对减轻人类癌症负担产生重大贡献。

英文摘要：

Links between human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and cervical cancer were first suspected almost 30 years ago. DNA of specific HPV types has since been found in almost all cervical cancer biopsies. HPV oncogenes that are expressed in these cells are involved in their transformation and immortalization, and are required for the progression towards malignancy. Epidemiological studies have underlined that HPVs are the main aetiological factor for cervical cancer. But how has this knowledge been translated into the clinic to allow the prevention, screening and treatment of cervical cancer?

摘要翻译： 

人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）与宫颈癌之间的关联最初在近30年前被怀疑。自此以后，几乎所有宫颈癌活检样本中都发现了特定HPV类型的DNA。在这些细胞中表达的HPV致癌基因参与了细胞的转化和永生化，并且是向恶性进展所必需的。流行病学研究强调，HPVs是宫颈癌的主要病因因素。但是，这一知识如何被转化到临床，以实现宫颈癌的预防、筛查和治疗呢？

原文链接：

Papillomaviruses and cancer: from basic studies to clinical application