文章：

与艾滋病相关的恶性肿瘤

Aids-related malignancies

原文发布日期：2002-05-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc797

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Several different types of cancer are observed at an increased frequency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and in other immunosuppressed individuals. Most of these are virus-associated cancers.
2. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common neoplasm that occurs in patients with AIDS (AIDS-KS). KS is believed to be caused by Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV-8), but the tumour microenvironment is an important aspect of KS progression.
3. AIDS-lymphoma is another significant cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Over 50% of AIDS lymphomas are associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and/or KSHV infection. EBV activates B-cell precursors, leading to a transformed phenotype.
4. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers are another type of AIDS-related malignancy. There are likely to be two mechanisms by which papillomaviruses induce neoplasia — by altering the tumour microenvironment, and by directly disrupting cell differentiation, to induce cell proliferation.
5. Antiviral strategies might be used to prevent cancer in AIDS patients. For example, highly active antiretroviral therapy has been shown to prevent or stop the progression of KS in AIDS patients.

要点翻译：

1. 在获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病，AIDS）患者及其他免疫抑制个体中，多种癌症的发病率显著升高，其中绝大多数属于病毒相关恶性肿瘤。
2. 卡波西肉瘤（KS）是艾滋病患者中最常见的肿瘤类型（艾滋病相关卡波西肉瘤）。该肿瘤被认为由卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒/人类疱疹病毒8型（KSHV/HHV-8）引发，但肿瘤微环境在KS进展中起着关键作用。
3. 艾滋病相关淋巴瘤是HIV感染者发病和死亡的另一重要原因。超过50%的艾滋病淋巴瘤与Epstein-Barr病毒（EBV）和/或KSHV感染相关。EB病毒会激活B细胞前体，导致细胞发生表型转化。
4. 人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）相关癌症是另一类艾滋病相关恶性肿瘤。乳头瘤病毒可能通过两种机制诱发肿瘤：改变肿瘤微环境，以及直接破坏细胞分化以诱导细胞增殖。
5. 抗病毒策略可用于预防艾滋病患者的癌症发生。例如，高效抗逆转录病毒疗法已被证实能阻止或中断艾滋病患者卡波西肉瘤的进展。

英文摘要：

Cancer remains a significant burden for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Most cancers that are associated with HIV infection are driven by oncogenic viruses, such as Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human papillomavirus. Gaining insight into the epidemiology and mechanisms that underlie AIDS-related cancers has provided us with a better understanding of cancer immunity and viral oncogenesis.

摘要翻译： 

癌症仍然是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者的一大沉重负担。大多数与HIV感染相关的癌症都是由致癌病毒驱动的，如EB病毒、卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒和人乳头瘤病毒。深入了解艾滋病相关癌症的流行病学和发病机制，使我们对癌症免疫和病毒致癌有了更深刻的认识。

原文链接：

Aids-related malignancies