文章：

新兴的癌症分子标记

Emerging molecular markers of cancer

原文发布日期：2002-03-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc755

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Alterations in gene sequences, expression levels, and protein structure or function can be used as 'molecular markers' to detect cancers at an early stage, determine prognosis, and monitor disease progression or therapeutic response.
2. DNA-based markers of cancer include mutations, loss-of-heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, DNA hypermethylation, mitochondrial DNA mutations and detection of viral DNA.
3. There are various ways of detecting cancer cells by analysing RNA.
4. Techniques to identify alterations in protein structure or function that are associated with cancer include antibody-based detection methods, measurement of enzymatic activity and two-dimensional gel analysis of samples.
5. New approaches to discovering molecular markers include microarray analysis, serial analysis of gene expression and proteomic technologies.
6. Clinical researchers should design future trials to incorporate plans for collecting and analysing molecular markers. Molecular biologists should take advantage of the number of tumour samples now available in tissue banks to identify new molecular markers and to more fully assess existing ones.

要点翻译：

1. 基因序列、表达水平以及蛋白质结构或功能的改变可作为‘分子标志物’，用于癌症早期检测、预后判断及疾病进展或治疗反应的监测。
2. 癌症的DNA标志物包括基因突变、杂合性缺失、微卫星不稳定性、DNA高度甲基化、线粒体DNA突变及病毒DNA检测。
3. 通过分析RNA检测癌细胞存在多种方法。
4. 鉴定癌症相关蛋白质结构或功能改变的技术包括基于抗体的检测方法、酶活性测定以及样本的二维凝胶分析。
5. 发现分子标志物的新方法涵盖微阵列分析、基因表达系列分析以及蛋白质组学技术。
6. 临床研究人员应设计未来试验，将分子标志物的收集与分析计划纳入方案。分子生物学家应充分利用组织库中现有的大量肿瘤样本资源，以识别新型分子标志物并对现有标志物进行更全面的评估。

英文摘要：

Alterations in gene sequences, expression levels and protein structure or function have been associated with every type of cancer. These 'molecular markers' can be useful in detecting cancer, determining prognosis and monitoring disease progression or therapeutic response. But what is the best way to identify molecular markers and can they be easily incorporated into the clinical setting?

摘要翻译： 

基因序列、表达水平以及蛋白质结构或功能的改变与各类癌症均有关联。这些“分子标志物”可用于癌症检测、判断预后以及监测疾病进展或治疗效果。然而，识别分子标志物的最佳方法是什么？它们又能否轻松融入临床实践中呢？

原文链接：

Emerging molecular markers of cancer