文章：

癌症中的MicroRNA生物发生途径

MicroRNA biogenesis pathways in cancer

原文发布日期：2015-05-22

DOI: 10.1038/nrc3932

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target gene expression through mRNA degradation or translational inhibition.
2. The miRNA biogenesis pathway is a multi-step process that has a crucial role in regulating miRNA maturation.
3. miRNAs can be oncogenes or tumour suppressors and are globally repressed in cancers.
4. Mutations in or dysregulation of components of the miRNA biogenesis pathway are frequently found in cancers and have important functions in oncogenesis.
5. Important oncogenic signalling proteins — such as LIN28A, LIN28B, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Hippo — target miRNA biogenesis in cancers.
6. The targeting of abnormal miRNA biogenesis pathways is a novel, promising therapeutic strategy for cancers.

要点翻译：

1. 微小核糖核酸（miRNA）是一类小型非编码RNA，通过mRNA降解或翻译抑制负向调控靶基因表达。
2. miRNA生物合成通路是一个多步骤过程，对miRNA成熟调控起着关键作用。
3. miRNA既可充当癌基因也可作为肿瘤抑制因子，在癌症中通常呈现整体性表达抑制。
4. 癌症中经常发现miRNA生物合成通路组分的突变或失调，这些异常在肿瘤发生过程中具有重要功能。
5. LIN28A、LIN28B、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）和Hippo等重要致癌信号蛋白，均以癌症中的miRNA生物合成为作用靶点。
6. 针对异常miRNA生物合成通路的靶向治疗，是一种新型且具有前景的癌症治疗策略。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression. Amplification and overexpression of individual 'oncomiRs' or genetic loss of tumour suppressor miRNAs are associated with human cancer and are sufficient to drive tumorigenesis in mouse models. Furthermore, global miRNA depletion caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations in components of the miRNA biogenesis machinery is oncogenic. This, together with the recent identification of novel miRNA regulatory factors and pathways, highlights the importance of miRNA dysregulation in cancer.

摘要翻译： 

微小RNA（miRNA）是基因表达的关键调控因子。个别“癌miR”的扩增与过表达，或抑癌miRNA的遗传缺失，均与人类癌症相关，且足以在小鼠模型中驱动肿瘤发生。此外，由miRNA生物合成通路组分的遗传和表观遗传改变引起的全局miRNA耗竭亦具有致癌性。这一现象，连同近期发现的新型miRNA调控因子与通路，突显了miRNA失调在癌症中的重要性。

原文链接：

MicroRNA biogenesis pathways in cancer