文章：

从内到外：衰老在癌症中的活动

Inside and out: the activities of senescence in cancer

原文发布日期：2014-07-17

DOI: 10.1038/nrc3773

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Induction of senescence, a stable state of cell cycle arrest, was originally described in normal cells, but it can also be induced in tumour cells in response to various stresses.
2. Senescent cells are metabolically active. In contrast to tumour cells, which typically preferentially use glycolysis in the presence of oxygen to generate energy, senescent cells can exhibit hyperactive mitochondrial respiration (oxidative phosphorylation) in some contexts.
3. Autophagy is activated during senescence, but its importance varies depending on the context.
4. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mediates the diverse functionality of senescent cells in an autocrine and paracrine manner, including reinforcing or inducing senescence, activating an immune response and even promoting tumorigenesis, depending on the context.
5. Senescent cells can be eliminated through a SASP-induced immune response, which can involve both innate and adaptive immunity.
6. Various triggers, such as tissue damage or tumorigenesis-associated stresses, can cause stromal cell senescence, which may either facilitate or inhibit tumour progression, depending on the context.

要点翻译：

1. 细胞衰老诱导，即诱导细胞进入一种稳定的细胞周期停滞状态，最初在正常细胞中被描述，但也可在肿瘤细胞中响应各种应激而被诱导。
2. 衰老细胞具有代谢活性。与肿瘤细胞通常在有氧情况下优先使用糖酵解产生能量相反，衰老细胞在某些情况下可表现出过度活跃的线粒体呼吸（氧化磷酸化）。
3. 自噬在衰老过程中被激活，但其重要性因具体情况而异。
4. 衰老相关分泌表型（SASP）以自分泌和旁分泌的方式介导衰老细胞的多种功能，包括增强或诱导衰老、激活免疫反应，甚至在某些情况下促进肿瘤发生。
5. 衰老细胞可通过SASP诱导的免疫反应被清除，这一过程可能涉及先天免疫和适应性免疫。
6. 多种触发因素（如组织损伤或肿瘤发生相关应激）可导致基质细胞衰老，根据具体情境，这种衰老可能促进或抑制肿瘤进展。

英文摘要：

The core aspect of the senescent phenotype is a stable state of cell cycle arrest. However, this is a disguise that conceals a highly active metabolic cell state with diverse functionality. Both the cell-autonomous and the non-cell-autonomous activities of senescent cells create spatiotemporally dynamic and context-dependent tissue reactions. For example, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) provokes not only tumour-suppressive but also tumour-promoting responses. Senescence is now increasingly considered to be an integrated and widespread component that is potentially important for tumour development, tumour suppression and the response to therapy.

摘要翻译： 

衰老表型的核心方面是细胞周期停滞的稳定状态。然而，这掩盖了一种代谢高度活跃、功能多样的细胞状态。衰老细胞的细胞自主性和非细胞自主性活动共同构成了时空动态且依赖组织情境的反应。例如，衰老相关分泌表型（SASP）不仅激发抑瘤反应，也可能促进肿瘤发生。目前，衰老越来越被视为一个整合且广泛存在的组成部分，可能对肿瘤发展、肿瘤抑制及治疗反应具有重要意义。

原文链接：

Inside and out: the activities of senescence in cancer