文章：

用于癌症治疗的基因工程T细胞

Gene-engineered T cells for cancer therapy

原文发布日期：2013-07-24

DOI: 10.1038/nrc3565

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. The abilities of T cells to coordinate immunity and to deliver lethal hits against diseased cells can be directed towards tumours by genetically modifying T cells.
2. Genes encoding specific antigen receptors can be inserted into T cells to enable them to recognize and respond to cancer cells.
3. Migration of T cells towards tumours can be facilitated by the expression of specific chemokine receptors in T cells.
4. Genetic modification of T cells can enhance their proliferation and survival, leading to a sustained attack on tumours.
5. Resistance to tumour-derived immunosuppressive factors can be provided genetically to T cells so that they can maintain their activity in a hostile environment.
6. Genes that confer sensitivity to drugs can be used to enable the elimination of T cells if they exert toxicity against vital normal tissues.

要点翻译：

1. T细胞协调免疫反应和清除病变细胞的能力可通过基因修饰技术使其靶向肿瘤。
2. 将编码特异性抗原受体的基因导入T细胞，可使其识别并响应癌细胞。
3. 在T细胞中表达特定趋化因子受体能促进其向肿瘤部位迁移。
4. 通过基因修饰增强T细胞的增殖与存活能力，可实现对肿瘤的持续攻击。
5. 对T细胞进行基因改造可使其抵抗肿瘤来源的免疫抑制因子，从而在恶劣微环境中保持活性。
6. 若T细胞对重要正常组织产生毒性，可通过导入药物敏感基因实现其清除。

英文摘要：

T cells have the capacity to eradicate diseased cells, but tumours present considerable challenges that render T cells ineffectual. Cancer cells often make themselves almost 'invisible' to the immune system, and they sculpt a microenvironment that suppresses T cell activity, survival and migration. Genetic engineering of T cells can be used therapeutically to overcome these challenges. T cells can be taken from the blood of cancer patients and then modified with genes encoding receptors that recognize cancer-specific antigens. Additional genes can be used to enable resistance to immunosuppression, to extend survival and to facilitate the penetration of engineered T cells into tumours. Using genetic modification, highly active, self-propagating 'slayers' of cancer cells can be generated.

摘要翻译： 

T细胞具有消灭病变细胞的能力，但肿瘤带来了重大挑战，使T细胞失效。癌细胞通常使自己几乎对免疫系统“隐形”，并塑造了一个抑制T细胞活性、存活和迁移的微环境。T细胞的基因工程可用于治疗性克服这些挑战。可以从癌症患者的血液中取出T细胞，然后用编码识别癌症特异性抗原的受体基因进行修饰。额外的基因可以用来使T细胞抵抗免疫抑制、延长存活期并促进工程T细胞穿透肿瘤。利用基因修饰，可以生成高度活跃、自我繁殖的癌细胞“杀手”。

原文链接：

Gene-engineered T cells for cancer therapy