文章：

解除自噬在癌症中的环境依赖作用

Deconvoluting the context-dependent role for autophagy in cancer

原文发布日期：2012-04-26

DOI: 10.1038/nrc3262

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Autophagy is a cellular self-cannibalization process that captures and digests cellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes.
2. Autophagy levels are normally low but are dramatically induced by starvation and stress.
3. Recycling of cellular material by autophagy sustains cellular and mammalian metabolism necessary for survival in starvation.
4. The elimination of damaged proteins and organelles by autophagy is required for cellular homeostasis.
5. Autophagy can be tumour suppressive by preventing chronic tissue damage and cancer initiation.
6. Autophagy is induced in and required for the survival of tumour cells in hypoxic tumour regions.
7. Many cancer cells upregulate autophagy that is required to support metabolism, tumorigenesis and survival to therapy.
8. In aggressive cancers, autophagy inhibition may be therapeutically advantageous.

要点翻译：

1. 自噬是一种细胞自我吞噬过程，通过溶酶体捕获并降解细胞内的蛋白质和细胞器。
2. 自噬水平通常较低，但在饥饿和应激状态下会显著激活。
3. 通过自噬循环利用细胞物质，可维持细胞及哺乳动物在饥饿状态下生存所必需的代谢活动。
4. 清除受损蛋白质和细胞器的自噬过程对维持细胞稳态至关重要。
5. 自噬通过预防慢性组织损伤和癌症发生发挥抑癌作用。
6. 在缺氧的肿瘤区域，自噬被激活且为肿瘤细胞存活所必需。
7. 许多癌细胞会上调自噬以支持代谢、肿瘤发生及治疗耐受。
8. 在侵袭性癌症中，抑制自噬可能具有治疗优势。

英文摘要：

Autophagy (also known as macroautophagy) captures intracellular components in autophagosomes and delivers them to lysosomes, where they are degraded and recycled. Autophagy can have two functions in cancer. It can be tumour suppressive through the elimination of oncogenic protein substrates, toxic unfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Alternatively, it can be tumour promoting in established cancers through autophagy-mediated intracellular recycling that provides substrates for metabolism and that maintains the functional pool of mitochondria. Therefore, defining the context-specific role for autophagy in cancer and the mechanisms involved will be important to guide autophagy-based therapeutic intervention.

摘要翻译： 

自噬（又称巨自噬）通过自噬体捕获细胞内成分，并将其运送至溶酶体，在那里被降解和回收。自噬在癌症中具有双重作用：一方面，它可通过清除致癌蛋白底物、毒性未折叠蛋白及受损细胞器发挥抑瘤作用；另一方面，在已形成的肿瘤中，它可通过自噬介导的细胞内回收提供代谢底物并维持线粒体功能池，从而促进肿瘤生长。因此，明确自噬在癌症中的情境特异性作用及其机制，对于指导基于自噬的治疗干预至关重要。

原文链接：

Deconvoluting the context-dependent role for autophagy in cancer