文章：

上皮干细胞，伤口愈合和癌症

Epithelial stem cells, wound healing and cancer

原文发布日期：2012-02-24

DOI: 10.1038/nrc3217

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Wound healing and tumorigenesis are two processes that rely on similar molecular mechanisms. Repair of tissue injury is a self-limiting process; whereas, tumour formation is characterized by the continuous activation of the pathways involved.
2. The interplay of different cell types, such as epithelial, mesenchymal and immune cells, is of major importance in both wound repair and tumour formation. Changes in the microenvironment caused by tissue injury can permit the development of a tumour.
3. Stem cells contribute to wound healing and tumour formation. In each case, stem cells can adopt a new location that differs from their location in undamaged tissue.
4. Several crucial pathways, such as Hedgehog and WNT signalling, are deregulated in wound healing and tumorigenesis. Deregulated Hedgehog signalling is linked to the development of basal cell carcinoma; whereas, aberrant WNT signalling can result in a variety of epidermal tumours.
5. Non-dividing, differentiating and dying epithelial cells can either positively or negatively influence tumour formation.

要点翻译：

1. 伤口愈合与肿瘤发生是两个依赖相似分子机制的过程。组织损伤的修复是一个自我限制的过程；而肿瘤形成的特征则是相关通路的持续激活。
2. 不同细胞类型（如上皮细胞、间充质细胞和免疫细胞）的相互作用在伤口修复和肿瘤形成中都至关重要。组织损伤引起的微环境变化可能允许肿瘤的发展。
3. 干细胞参与伤口愈合和肿瘤形成。在这两种情况下，干细胞都可能迁移到与未受损组织中不同的新位置。
4. 若干关键通路（如Hedgehog和WNT信号通路）在伤口愈合和肿瘤发生中出现失调。Hedgehog信号通路失调与基底细胞癌的发展相关；而异常的WNT信号传导则可能导致多种表皮肿瘤。
5. 非分裂、分化和凋亡的上皮细胞可能对肿瘤形成产生正向或负向的影响。

英文摘要：

It is well established that tissue repair depends on stem cells and that chronic wounds predispose to tumour formation. However, the association between stem cells, wound healing and cancer is poorly understood. Lineage tracing has now shown how stem cells are mobilized to repair skin wounds and how they contribute to skin tumour development. The signalling pathways, including WNT and Hedgehog, that control stem cell behaviour during wound healing are also implicated in tumour formation. Furthermore, tumorigenesis and wound repair both depend on communication between epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells and bone marrow-derived cells. These studies suggest ways to harness stem cells for wound repair while minimizing cancer risk.

摘要翻译： 

众所周知，组织修复依赖于干细胞，而慢性伤口容易形成肿瘤。然而，干细胞、伤口愈合与癌症之间的关联尚不清楚。谱系追踪现已揭示干细胞如何被动员以修复皮肤伤口，以及它们如何促进皮肤肿瘤的发展。包括WNT和Hedgehog在内的信号通路，在控制伤口愈合过程中干细胞行为的同时，也与肿瘤形成有关。此外，肿瘤发生和伤口修复都依赖于上皮细胞、间充质细胞和骨髓来源细胞之间的通讯。这些研究提示了利用干细胞进行伤口修复的同时最小化癌症风险的方法。

原文链接：

Epithelial stem cells, wound healing and cancer