文章：

癌症中的翻译控制

Translational control in cancer

原文发布日期：2010-04-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc2824

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Alterations in the expression and activity of specific translation factors, and the uncoupling of translational regulation from inhibition by tumour cell stresses, such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, are a common feature of human cancers. These alterations are associated with specific types of human cancers and different stages of disease and cellular transformation.
2. Most, if not all, of the pathways that are crucial for cancer development and progression affect translational control. These include the selective translation of mRNAs encoding proteins that are engaged in tumour cell proliferation, growth, angiogenesis, response to mitogenic stimuli and the tumour microenvironment, and tumour stress responses such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation.
3. Targeting specific translation factors that are altered in expression or activity in human cancers, and the specialized mRNA translation elements used preferentially in tumours, offers great promise for the development of a new generation of cancer therapeutics.

要点翻译：

1. 特定翻译因子表达与活性的改变，以及翻译调控与肿瘤细胞应激（如缺氧和营养缺乏）抑制作用的脱钩，是人类癌症的常见特征。这些改变与特定类型的人类癌症、疾病不同阶段及细胞转化过程密切相关。
2. 绝大多数（若非全部）对癌症发生发展至关重要的通路都会影响翻译调控。这包括选择性翻译编码以下蛋白质的mRNA：参与肿瘤细胞增殖、生长、血管生成、对促有丝分裂刺激及肿瘤微环境的应答，以及肿瘤应激反应（如缺氧和营养缺乏）的蛋白质。
3. 针对人类癌症中表达或活性发生改变的特定翻译因子，以及肿瘤组织优先使用的特殊mRNA翻译元件进行靶向治疗，为开发新一代癌症疗法带来了巨大希望。

英文摘要：

Remarkable progress has been made in defining a new understanding of the role of mRNA translation and protein synthesis in human cancer. Translational control is a crucial component of cancer development and progression, directing both global control of protein synthesis and selective translation of specific mRNAs that promote tumour cell survival, angiogenesis, transformation, invasion and metastasis. Translational control of cancer is multifaceted, involving alterations in translation factor levels and activities unique to different types of cancers, disease stages and the tumour microenvironment. Several clinical efforts are underway to target specific components of the translation apparatus or unique mRNA translation elements for cancer therapeutics.

摘要翻译： 

在定义mRNA翻译和蛋白质合成在人类癌症中作用的新理解方面已取得显著进展。翻译调控是癌症发展和进展的关键组成部分，既指导蛋白质合成的全局控制，也促进肿瘤细胞存活、血管生成、转化、侵袭和转移的特定mRNA的选择性翻译。癌症的翻译调控是多方面的，涉及不同类型癌症、疾病阶段和肿瘤微环境所特有的翻译因子水平和活性的改变。目前正在进行几项临床努力，针对翻译装置的特定组分或独特的mRNA翻译元件进行癌症治疗。

原文链接：

Translational control in cancer