文章：

辐射诱导的旁观者信号在癌症治疗中的应用

Radiation-induced bystander signalling in cancer therapy

原文发布日期：2009-04-20

DOI: 10.1038/nrc2603

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Radiation-induced bystander responses are defined as the response of cells to their neighbours being irradiated. These have been observed in a range of cell types and measured for a range of end points.
2. Long-range, abscopal (out-of-field) effects have also been observed after the clinical use of radiation.
3. The main mechanisms involve direct cell–cell communication by gap junction intercellular communication and release of factors into the medium.
4. Bystander signalling has a key role in increasing the effectiveness of gene therapy approaches in which common mechanisms involving cytokine signalling and the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been used to maximize effectiveness.
5. With the development of suitable strategies, radiation-induced bystander responses may be used to enhance tumour cell kill or protect normal tissues from the damaging consequences of radiation exposure.

要点翻译：

1. 辐射诱导的旁观者效应是指细胞对其邻近细胞受辐照作出的反应。这种现象已在多种细胞类型中被观察到，并通过多种终点指标进行了测量。
2. 在临床放射治疗后，也观察到了远距离的（照射野外的）异位效应。
3. 其主要作用机制包括通过间隙连接介导的直接细胞间通讯以及介质中因子的释放。
4. 在基因治疗方法的增效过程中，旁观者信号传导发挥着关键作用，其中通常采用细胞因子信号传导及活性氧/氮物种生成的共同机制来最大化治疗效果。
5. 随着适宜策略的研发，辐射诱导的旁观者效应或可被用于增强肿瘤细胞杀伤效果，或保护正常组织免受辐射损伤。

英文摘要：

Our understanding of how radiation kills normal and tumour cells has been based on an intimate knowledge of the direct induction of DNA damage and its cellular consequences. What has become clear is that, as well as responses to direct DNA damage, cell–cell signalling — known as the bystander effect — mediated through gap junctions and inflammatory responses may have an important role in the response of cells and tissues to radiation exposure and also chemotherapy agents. This Review outlines the key aspects of radiation-induced intercellular signalling and assesses its relevance for existing and future radiation-based therapies.

摘要翻译： 

我们对辐射如何杀死正常细胞和肿瘤细胞的理解，一直建立在对其直接诱导DNA损伤及其细胞后果的深入了解之上。现已明确，除对直接DNA损伤的应答外，通过间隙连接介导的细胞间信号传导——即所谓的旁观者效应——以及炎症反应，可能在细胞和组织对辐射暴露及化疗药物的反应中发挥重要作用。本文综述了辐射诱导细胞间信号传导的关键方面，并评估其对于现有及未来放射治疗的相关性。

原文链接：

Radiation-induced bystander signalling in cancer therapy