文章：

过继细胞转移：有效的癌症免疫治疗的临床途径

Adoptive cell transfer: a clinical path to effective cancer immunotherapy

原文发布日期：2008-04-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc2355

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a treatment that uses a cancer patient's own T lymphocytes with anti-tumour activity, expanded in vitro and reinfused into the patient with cancer.
2. ACT using autologous tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes is currently the most effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma and can mediate objective tumour regressions in 50% of patients.
3. Lymphodepletion before ACT is an important component of the treatment because it eliminates T regulatory cells and eliminates lymphocytes, which compete with the transferred cells for homeostatic cytokines such as interleukin 7 (IL7) and IL15.
4. ACT can be effective in treating selected patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLD) resulting from Epstein–Barr virus, which can cause PTLD during the immunosuppressed state.
5. Recent studies have shown that genetic modification of lymphocytes using retroviruses that encode T-cell receptors can convert normal lymphocytes into lymphocytes with anti-cancer activity. The adoptive transfer of these lymphocytes into patients with metastatic melanoma can mediate tumour regression.

要点翻译：

1. 过继性细胞疗法是一种利用癌症患者自身具有抗肿瘤活性的T淋巴细胞，在体外扩增后回输至癌症患者体内的治疗方法。
2. 使用自体肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的过继性细胞疗法是目前治疗转移性黑色素瘤最有效的方法，可使50%的患者实现客观肿瘤消退。
3. 治疗前的淋巴清除是过继性细胞疗法的重要组成部分，因为它能清除调节性T细胞和其他淋巴细胞，这些细胞会与输注的细胞竞争稳态细胞因子（如白细胞介素7和白细胞介素15）。
4. 对于因 Epstein-Barr 病毒导致的移植后淋巴增殖性疾病患者，过继性细胞疗法可有效治疗该在免疫抑制状态下发生的疾病。
5. 最新研究表明，利用逆转录病毒对淋巴细胞进行基因修饰，可将其转化为具有抗癌活性的淋巴细胞。将这些淋巴细胞过继转移至转移性黑色素瘤患者体内可介导肿瘤消退。

英文摘要：

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes has emerged as the most effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma and can mediate objective cancer regression in approximately 50% of patients. The use of donor lymphocytes for ACT is an effective treatment for immunosuppressed patients who develop post-transplant lymphomas. The ability to genetically engineer human lymphocytes and use them to mediate cancer regression in patients, which has recently been demonstrated, has opened possibilities for the extension of ACT immunotherapy to patients with a wide variety of cancer types and is a promising new approach to cancer treatment.

摘要翻译： 

采用自体肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的过继细胞治疗（ACT）已成为转移性黑色素瘤患者最有效的治疗手段，可使约50%的患者出现客观肿瘤消退。对于免疫抑制后发生移植后淋巴瘤的患者，使用供体淋巴细胞进行过继细胞治疗同样有效。近期研究证实，对人类淋巴细胞进行基因工程改造并用于治疗癌症是可行的，这为将ACT免疫疗法扩展至多种癌症类型患者开辟了新路径，成为癌症治疗中极具前景的新策略。

原文链接：

Adoptive cell transfer: a clinical path to effective cancer immunotherapy