文章：

青少年和年轻人癌症的独特生物学

The distinctive biology of cancer in adolescents and young adults

原文发布日期：2008-04-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc2349

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. The relative lack of progress in treating cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is in part due to a lack of appreciation of differences in the biology of malignant diseases in this age group relative to younger and older persons.
2. Molecular, epidemiological and therapeutic outcome comparisons offer clues to this distinctiveness in most of the common cancers of AYAs, including leukaemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, melanoma, and carcinomas of the breast, colon, rectum and nasopharynx.
3. Translational and clinical research should not assume that the biology of cancers and AYA hosts is the same as in other age groups, even if the diseases seem the same clinically and histopathologically.
4. A systematic review of previously reported biological and therapeutic outcomes, that combines older adolescent and young adult patients with younger and older persons, should be made of biological differences if the numbers of subjects or samples permit an adequate assessment.
5. In addition, prospective studies evaluating potential biological differences should be incorporated into investigations that include patients across the age spectrum.
6. Therapeutic strategies tailored to the AYA age group, based on the distinct biology of the cancer and the host, might improve outcomes and prognosis.

要点翻译：

1. 青少年与年轻成人（AYAs）癌症治疗进展相对缓慢，部分原因在于人们未能充分认识到该年龄段恶性疾病生物学特性与儿童及老年人群的差异。
2. 通过分子水平、流行病学及治疗结果的对比研究，已在多数青少年与年轻成人常见癌症（包括白血病、淋巴瘤、肉瘤、黑色素瘤以及乳腺、结直肠与鼻咽部癌）中发现了其独特性的线索。
3. 即使癌症的临床表现和组织病理学特征相似，转化医学与临床研究也不应假定青少年与年轻成人的癌症生物学及宿主特征与其他年龄组相同。
4. 若受试者或样本数量允许进行充分评估，应对既往将青少年与年轻成人患者与儿童及老年人合并研究的生物学报告和治疗结果开展系统性回顾，以阐明其生物学差异。
5. 此外，应将评估潜在生物学差异的前瞻性研究纳入涵盖全年龄段患者的科研设计中。
6. 基于癌症生物学特性及宿主特征的独特性，为青少年与年轻成人群体制订针对性治疗策略，或将改善其治疗效果与预后。

英文摘要：

One explanation for the relative lack of progress in treating cancer in adolescents and young adults is that the biology of malignant diseases in this age group is different than in younger and older persons, not only in the spectrum of cancers but also within individual cancer types and within the patient (host). Molecular, epidemiological and therapeutic outcome comparisons offer clues to this distinctiveness in most of the common cancers of adolescents and young adults. Translational and clinical research should not assume that the biology of cancers and patients is the same as in other age groups, and treatment strategies should be tailored to the differences.

摘要翻译： 

一种解释认为，青少年和年轻成人癌症治疗进展相对不足，是因为这一年龄组恶性疾病的生物学特征与儿童和老年人不同，不仅体现在癌症谱系上，也体现在单个癌症类型以及患者（宿主）本身。分子、流行病学和治疗结局的比较，为青少年和年轻成人最常见癌症的独特性提供了线索。转化与临床研究不应假定这些癌症和患者的生物学与其他年龄组相同，治疗策略应针对这些差异进行调整。

原文链接：

The distinctive biology of cancer in adolescents and young adults