文章：

癌基因和肿瘤抑制因子出现在中心体上

Oncogenes and tumour suppressors take on centrosomes

原文发布日期：2007-12-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc2249

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. As core components of spindle poles, centrosomes have a key role in directing the formation of bipolar mitotic spindles, which is crucial for accurate segregation of chromosomes during cytokinesis.
2. Numeral and functional abnormalities of centrosomes result in mitotic spindle defects, leading to chromosome segregation errors, and are the major causes of chromosome instability in cancer, which accelerates the step-wise tumour progression.
3. Several oncogenic and tumour-suppressor proteins are found to be involved in the regulation of centrosome duplication and function, and mutations of those proteins result in mitotic defects that are associated with numeral and functional abnormalities of centrosomes.
4. The centrosome regulation activities of these oncogenic and tumour-suppressor proteins are crucial parts of their overall oncogenic, tumour-suppressing potential.

要点翻译：

1. 作为纺锤体极的核心组成部分，中心体在引导双极有丝分裂纺锤体形成过程中起关键作用，这一过程对于细胞分裂期染色体的精确分离至关重要。
2. 中心体数量与功能异常会导致有丝分裂纺锤体缺陷，进而引发染色体分离错误，成为癌症中染色体不稳定的主要诱因，从而加速肿瘤的渐进性发展进程。
3. 研究发现多种癌基因蛋白和肿瘤抑制蛋白参与调控中心体复制与功能，这些蛋白质的突变会导致有丝分裂缺陷，这些缺陷与中心体的数量和功能异常密切相关。
4. 这些癌基因蛋白和肿瘤抑制蛋白对中心体的调控能力，构成其整体致癌或抑癌潜能的关键组成部分。

英文摘要：

Chromosome instability, which is equated to mitotic defects and consequential chromosome segregation errors, provides a formidable basis for the acquisition of further malignant phenotypes during tumour progression. Centrosomes have a crucial role in the formation of bipolar mitotic spindles, which are essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Mutations of certain oncogenic and tumour-suppressor proteins directly induce chromosome instability by disrupting the normal function and numeral integrity of centrosomes. How these proteins control centrosome duplication and function, and how their mutational activation and/or inactivation results in numeral and functional centrosome abnormalities, is discussed in this Review.

摘要翻译： 

染色体不稳定性等同于有丝分裂缺陷及其导致的染色体分离错误，为肿瘤进展过程中进一步恶性表型的获得提供了坚实基础。中心体在形成双极有丝分裂纺锤体中起关键作用，而双极纺锤体是准确染色体分离所必需的。某些癌基因和抑癌蛋白的突变通过破坏中心体的正常功能和数量完整性，直接诱导染色体不稳定性。本综述将讨论这些蛋白如何调控中心体复制与功能，以及它们的突变激活和/或失活如何导致中心体数量与功能异常。

原文链接：

Oncogenes and tumour suppressors take on centrosomes