文章：

乳腺癌模型：一种模式不适合所有人

Modelling breast cancer: one size does not fit all

原文发布日期：2007-09-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc2193

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. The models commonly used to investigate breast cancer, including breast cancer cell lines, xenografts and genetically engineered mice (GEM), are discussed. Their strengths and limitations, and how they can be optimally used and improved, are described.
2. Breast cancer cell lines share many of the genetic and genomic features of human breast cancers, including representing several breast cancer subtypes. Several cell lines may also serve as models to investigate tumour-initiating cell properties.
3. Utilization of cell lines as subtype systems in three-dimensional and heterotypic cultures represent powerful approaches to investigate the signalling interactions that contribute to breast cancer biology.
4. Xenografts of cell lines and breast cancer clinical isolates allow for the examination of human breast cancer cells in the context of the in vivo environment, as the cell culture environment cannot completely recapitulate the complex multicellular and cell–extracellular matrix interactions that are involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer.
5. Genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer exhibit many features of human breast cancer and thus provide invaluable models for investigating the biology and pathogenesis of this disease. The accumulating number of molecular profiling studies provide a framework for comparing GEM and human breast cancer.
6. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer no individual model recapitulates all aspects of this disease. Thus, an integrated and multi-systems approach is currently the strongest way to model this disease.

要点翻译：

1. 本文讨论了常用于研究乳腺癌的模型，包括乳腺癌细胞系、异种移植模型和基因工程小鼠模型，并阐述了这些模型的优势与局限性，以及如何优化使用和改进它们。
2. 乳腺癌细胞系与人类乳腺癌具有许多共同的遗传和基因组特征，能够代表多种乳腺癌亚型。部分细胞系还可作为研究肿瘤起始细胞特性的模型系统。
3. 将细胞系作为亚型系统应用于三维和异型培养，为研究乳腺癌生物学中的信号相互作用提供了有效手段。
4. 细胞系及乳腺癌临床分离物的异种移植模型使得在体内环境中研究人类乳腺癌细胞成为可能，因为细胞培养环境无法完全模拟乳腺癌发生和发展中涉及的复杂多细胞及细胞-细胞外基质相互作用。
5. 乳腺癌基因工程小鼠模型展现出人类乳腺癌的诸多特征，因此为研究该疾病的生物学机制和发病机理提供了宝贵工具。不断积累的分子谱研究数据为比较基因工程小鼠模型与人类乳腺癌提供了框架。
6. 鉴于乳腺癌的复杂性和异质性，尚无单一模型能够全面再现该疾病的所有方面。因此，整合性的多系统研究方法当前是模拟该疾病的最有效途径。

英文摘要：

Breast cancer is not a single disease, but is instead a collection of diseases that have distinct histopathological features, genetic and genomic variability, and diverse prognostic outcomes. Thus, no individual model would be expected to completely recapitulate this complex disease. Here, the models commonly used to investigate breast cancer including cell lines, xenografts and genetically engineered mice, are discussed to help address the question: what is the most powerful way to investigate this heterogeneous disease?

摘要翻译： 

乳腺癌并非单一疾病，而是一组具有不同组织病理学特征、遗传和基因组异质性以及多样预后结局的疾病集合。因此，任何单一模型都无法完全重现这一复杂疾病。本文讨论了常用于研究乳腺癌的模型，包括细胞系、异种移植模型和基因工程小鼠，以帮助回答：研究这种异质性疾病的最佳途径是什么？

原文链接：

Modelling breast cancer: one size does not fit all