文章：

人类T细胞白血病病毒1型（HTLV-1）的感染性和细胞转化

Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infectivity and cellular transformation

原文发布日期：2007-04-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc2111

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a retrovirus that infects 20 million people worldwide, was the first retrovirus to be shown to be causal for a human cancer, adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL).
2. The infectivity of HTLV-1 is tightly cell-associated, and is mediated through a virological synapse. Cell-free virus is largely non-infectious.
3. HTLV-1 does not use viral capture of a cellular proto-oncogene for oncogenesis. Its viral oncoprotein, Tax, is needed to initiate but not maintain cellular transformation.
4. Tax transforms cells through various mechanisms, including the creation of chromosomal instability, the amplification of centrosomes, the abrogation of DNA repair, the activation of cyclin-dependant kinases and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and Akt signalling, and the silencing of p53 and spindle-assembly checkpoints.
5. The maintenance of ATL transformation seems to require the function of a novel antisense protein and RNA, termed HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ).

要点翻译：

1. 人类T细胞白血病病毒1型（HTLV-1）是一种逆转录病毒，全球感染约两千万人。它是首个被证实可导致人类癌症（成人T细胞白血病，ATL）的逆转录病毒。
2. HTLV-1的传染性严格依赖细胞关联，通过病毒学突触介导。游离病毒基本上不具备传染性。
3. HTLV-1致瘤不通过捕获细胞原癌基因实现。其病毒癌蛋白Tax是启动细胞转化所必需，但并非维持转化状态所必需。
4. Tax通过多种机制促使细胞转化，包括：引发染色体不稳定性、扩增中心体、破坏DNA修复、激活周期蛋白依赖性激酶和核因子κB（NFκB）及Akt信号通路，以及抑制p53和纺锤体组装检查点。
5. ATL转化状态的维持似乎需要新型反义蛋白及RNA——即HTLV-1碱性亮氨酸拉链因子（HBZ）发挥作用。

英文摘要：

It has been 30 years since a 'new' leukaemia termed adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) was described in Japan, and more than 25 years since the isolation of the retrovirus, human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), that causes this disease. We discuss HTLV-1 infectivity and how the HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein initiates transformation by creating a cellular environment favouring aneuploidy and clastogenic DNA damage. We also explore the contribution of a newly discovered protein and RNA on the HTLV-1 minus strand, HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), to the maintenance of virus-induced leukaemia.

摘要翻译： 

自日本首次描述一种名为“成人T细胞白血病”（ATL）的“新型”白血病以来，已过去30年；而自分离出导致该疾病的逆转录病毒——人类T细胞白血病病毒1型（HTLV-1）——也已超过25年。我们探讨HTLV-1的感染性，以及HTLV-1的致癌蛋白Tax如何通过营造有利于非整倍体和断裂型DNA损伤的细胞环境来启动转化。我们还探讨最近在HTLV-1负链上发现的一种蛋白和RNA——HTLV-1碱性亮氨酸拉链因子（HBZ）——对病毒诱导白血病的维持所起的作用。

原文链接：

Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infectivity and cellular transformation