文章：

以人群为基础的癌症登记的演变

The evolution of the population-based cancer registry

原文发布日期：2006-08-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1948

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) aim to identify all cases of cancer that occur in a defined population. A defined set of variables is recorded for each case; the minimum number is 10, but most registries have a more extensive dataset.
2. The basic role of PBCRs is to calculate the incidence of cancer at different sites, but most can provide more extensive information (for example, on tumour histology, stage at diagnosis, place and nature of treatment, and survival).
3. Incidence of cancer is synonymous with diagnosis, and the number of cases detected is influenced by diagnostic practices, especially with respect to screening. This must be considered when comparing incidence rates between populations and over time.
4. Cancer registries have been widely used in epidemiological research. Descriptive studies use the registry database to examine differences in the incidence (or survival) of cancer, according to variables associated with place (of residence, or of birth), time and personal characteristics (such as sex, ethnicity and social status). They are also widely used to follow up specific groups of individuals (cohorts) to detect the occurrence of new cases of cancer.
5. PBCRs are an essential component of a fully developed cancer-control programme. In addition to providing information on current and future needs for services, they are used to monitor programmes of prevention, early detection and cure (treatment).
6. PBCRs are becoming more widely involved in studies of the process of clinical care of cancer patients. Lack of clinical detail on cases is offset by the representative nature of the patients studied.
7. The first PBCRs were established over 60 years ago. Their numbers have increased progressively; In 1966, 32 registries reported their results in volume I of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, and 40 years later, there were 449 members of the International Association of Cancer Registries covering 21% of the world population.

要点翻译：

1. 以人群为基础的肿瘤登记旨在识别特定人群中发生的所有癌症病例。每个病例记录一套既定变量；最低数量为10个，但大多数登记处拥有更广泛的数据集。
2. 肿瘤登记的基本职能是计算不同部位的癌症发病率，但多数登记处能提供更全面的信息（例如肿瘤组织学类型、诊断分期、治疗地点与性质以及生存情况）。
3. 癌症发病率即诊断率，检出病例数量受诊断实践影响，尤其在筛查方面。进行跨人群和跨时间段的发病率比较时，必须考虑这一因素。
4. 肿瘤登记已广泛应用于流行病学研究。描述性研究利用登记数据库，根据地域（居住地或出生地）、时间及个人特征（如性别、种族和社会地位）等相关变量分析癌症发病率（或生存率）差异。该体系还被广泛用于追踪特定群体（队列）以发现新发癌症病例。
5. 肿瘤登记是完善癌症防控计划的重要组成部分。除提供当前及未来医疗服务需求信息外，还用于监测癌症预防、早诊早治项目的实施效果。
6. 肿瘤登记正日益深入参与癌症患者临床诊疗过程的研究。病例临床细节的缺失可通过研究对象的代表性得以弥补。
7. 首批肿瘤登记机构成立于60余年前，其数量持续增长：1966年《五大洲癌症发病率》第一卷收录了32个登记机构数据；40年后，国际癌症登记协会成员已达449个，覆盖全球21%的人口。

英文摘要：

The idea of recording information on all cancer cases in defined communities dates from the first half of the twentieth century, and there has been a steady growth in the number of such cancer registries since. Originally, they were concerned primarily with describing cancer patterns and trends. Later, many were able to follow up the registered patients and calculate survival. In the last 20 years the role of registries has expanded further to embrace the planning and evaluation of cancer control activities, and the care of individual cancer patients. This Review looks at the current status of cancer registration practice and use from an international perspective, mindful that the registration of cancer has expanded into a global activity.

摘要翻译： 

在特定社区记录所有癌症病例的想法可以追溯到二十世纪上半叶，此后此类癌症登记的数量稳步增长。最初，它们主要关注癌症模式和趋势的描述。后来，许多登记能够追踪患者并计算生存率。在过去20年中，登记的作用进一步扩展至癌症控制活动的规划与评估，以及个体癌症患者的照护。本综述从国际视角审视癌症登记实践与应用的现状，并注意到癌症登记已扩展为一项全球性活动。

原文链接：

The evolution of the population-based cancer registry