文章：

脑肿瘤干细胞

Brain tumour stem cells

原文发布日期：2006-06-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1889

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Adult somatic stem cells are a rare population of long-lived cells that have significant proliferative capacity, show extensive self-renewal and have a wide differentiation potential.
2. Cells that have the cardinal properties of stem cells have been identified in restricted regions of the CNS, where they are arranged in specific lineage hierarchies.
3. Similar to other adult stem cells, neural stem cells or their immediate progeny, which are called transiently dividing progenitors, can be considered a credible target for malignant transformation. This concept is supported by the finding that many of the molecular determinants that regulate normal neurogenesis seem also to be involved in tumorigenesis.
4. Brain tumour stem cells have been identified and isolated from different types of brain tumour: in particular, glioblastoma multiforme and medulloblastoma.
5. Brain tumour stem cells show all the features of stem cells, including the ability to generate new tumours that faithfully reproduce the phenotype of the human disease.
6. The availability of brain tumour stem-cell lines provides a model system for the identification of specific antigenic and molecular markers that might target the tumour-initiating cell.
7. The development of agents that selectively target and inhibit the tumour-initiating and propagation potential of brain tumour stem cells might reduce or eliminate primary tumour establishment, growth and recurrence.

要点翻译：

1. 成体干细胞是一类稀有的长寿命细胞群体，具有显著的增殖能力、强大的自我更新潜能以及广泛的分化潜力。
2. 具备干细胞核心特性的细胞群已在中枢神经系统的特定区域中被发现，这些细胞以特定的谱系层次结构排列。
3. 与其他成体干细胞类似，神经干细胞或其直接后代（被称为短暂分裂祖细胞）被认为是恶性转化的潜在靶点。这一观点得到以下发现的支持：许多调控正常神经发生的分子决定因子似乎也参与了肿瘤发生过程。
4. 脑肿瘤干细胞已从不同类型的脑肿瘤（特别是多形性胶质母细胞瘤和髓母细胞瘤）中被鉴定并分离出来。
5. 脑肿瘤干细胞展现出干细胞的所有特征，包括能够生成精确重现人类疾病表型的新肿瘤。
6. 脑肿瘤干细胞系的建立为识别可能靶向肿瘤起始细胞的特异性抗原和分子标记物提供了模型系统。
7. 开发能够选择性靶向并抑制脑肿瘤干细胞的肿瘤起始和增殖潜能的药物，可能会减少或消除原发性肿瘤的形成、生长及复发。

英文摘要：

The dogma that the genesis of new cells is a negligible event in the adult mammalian brain has long influenced our perception and understanding of the origin and development of CNS tumours. The discovery that new neurons and glia are produced throughout life from neural stem cells provides new possibilities for the candidate cells of origin of CNS neoplasias. The emerging hypothesis is that alterations in the cellular and genetic mechanisms that control adult neurogenesis might contribute to brain tumorigenesis, thereby allowing the identification of new therapeutic strategies.

摘要翻译： 

在成年哺乳动物大脑中，新生细胞的产生微不足道”这一教条长期影响了我们对中枢神经系统肿瘤起源和发展的认知与理解。现已发现，新的神经元和胶质细胞在整个生命过程中均由神经干细胞生成，这为寻找中枢神经系统肿瘤的起源细胞提供了新的可能。新兴假说认为，调控成体神经发生的细胞与遗传机制若发生异常，可能促成脑肿瘤的发生，从而为发现新的治疗策略开辟道路。

原文链接：

Brain tumour stem cells