文章：

肿瘤分子——在癌症中起作用的microRNA

Oncomirs — microRNAs with a role in cancer

原文发布日期：2006-04-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1840

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of negative gene regulators that have been shown to control a wide range of biological functions such as cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
2. About half of the annotated human miRNAs map within fragile regions of chromosomes, which are areas of the genome that are associated with various human cancers.
3. Recent evidence indicates that miRNAs can function as tumour suppressors and oncogenes, and they are therefore referred to as 'oncomirs'. Factors that are required for the biogenesis of miRNAs have also been associated with various cancers and might themselves function as tumour suppressors and oncogenes.
4. Expression profiling of miRNAs has been shown to be a more accurate method of classifying cancer subtypes than using the expression profiles of protein-coding genes. The differential expression of certain miRNAs in various tumours might become a powerful tool to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
5. Gene therapies that use miRNAs might be an effective approach to blocking tumour progression. miRNAs such as let-7, which has been shown to negatively regulate the Ras oncogenes, and miR-15 and miR-16, which negatively regulate BCL2, are promising candidates for cancer treatment.

要点翻译：

1. MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类丰富的负性基因调控因子，已被证实能够控制多种生物学功能，如细胞增殖、分化和凋亡。
2. 约半数已注释的人类miRNAs定位于染色体脆弱区域，这些基因组区域与多种人类癌症相关。
3. 最新研究表明，miRNAs可发挥肿瘤抑制因子和癌基因的功能，因此被称为"oncomirs"。miRNAs生物合成所需的因子也与多种癌症相关，并可能本身具有肿瘤抑制因子或癌基因的功能。
4. 研究表明，与使用蛋白质编码基因表达谱相比，miRNAs表达谱分析是更准确的癌症亚型分类方法。特定miRNAs在不同肿瘤中的差异表达可能成为辅助癌症诊断和治疗的有力工具。
5. 基于miRNAs的基因疗法可能是阻断肿瘤进展的有效策略。例如已证实可负调控Ras癌基因的let-7家族miRNA，以及负调控BCL2的miR-15和miR-16等miRNAs，都是极具前景的癌症治疗候选分子。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-protein-coding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators. They regulate diverse biological processes, and bioinformatic data indicates that each miRNA can control hundreds of gene targets, underscoring the potential influence of miRNAs on almost every genetic pathway. Recent evidence has shown that miRNA mutations or mis-expression correlate with various human cancers and indicates that miRNAs can function as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. miRNAs have been shown to repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and might prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

摘要翻译： 

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类丰富的小分子非蛋白编码RNA，具有负向调控基因的功能。它们调控多种生物学过程，生物信息学数据表明每个miRNA可控制数百个基因靶点，凸显其对几乎所有遗传通路的潜在影响。近期证据显示，miRNA突变或异常表达与多种人类癌症相关，表明其可作为抑癌基因和癌基因。miRNA已被证实可抑制重要癌症相关基因的表达，在癌症诊断和治疗中可能具有重要价值。

原文链接：

Oncomirs — microRNAs with a role in cancer