文章：

放射与微环境-肿瘤的发生与治疗

Radiation and the microenvironment – tumorigenesis and therapy

原文发布日期：2005-11-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1735

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of developing cancer at low doses and is used to control cancer at high doses.
2. Ionizing radiation can elicit an 'activated' phenotype in some cells that promotes rapid and persistent remodelling of the extracellular matrix, through the induction of proteases and growth factors, as well as chronic production of reactive oxygen species.
3. The rapid and dynamic cell biology that occurs in irradiated tissues indicates the existence of a microenvironment-mediated damage-response programme. Some mechanisms of the ionizing radiation-induced microenvironment include chronic inflammation and persistent production of transforming growth factor-β.
4. These cellular and tissue responses to ionizing radiation can have non-targetted effects on non-irradiated cells, such as induction of genomic instability and neoplastic progression.
5. The functional consequences of exposing an organism to ionizing radiation are a product of DNA damage, cell loss and altered tissue microenvironments that promote carcinogenesis and might affect responses to anticancer therapies.

要点翻译：

1. 暴露于电离辐射会增加低剂量下患癌风险，而在高剂量下则被用于控制癌症。
2. 电离辐射可引发某些细胞产生"活化"表型，通过诱导蛋白酶和生长因子以及持续性活性氧的产生，促进细胞外基质的快速且持续重塑。
3. 受照射组织中发生的快速动态细胞生物学变化表明存在微环境介导的损伤应答程序。电离辐射诱导微环境的部分机制包括慢性炎症和转化生长因子-β的持续产生。
4. 这些细胞和组织对电离辐射的应答可能对未受照射细胞产生非靶向效应，例如诱导基因组不稳定性和肿瘤进展。
5. 生物体暴露于电离辐射的功能性后果是DNA损伤、细胞丢失以及促进致癌作用的组织微环境改变的共同产物，并可能影响对抗癌治疗的反应。

英文摘要：

Radiation rapidly and persistently alters the soluble and insoluble components of the tissue microenvironment. This affects the cell phenotype, tissue composition and the physical interactions and signalling between cells. These alterations in the microenvironment can contribute to carcinogenesis and alter the tissue response to anticancer therapy. Examples of these responses and their implications are discussed with a view to therapeutic intervention.

摘要翻译： 

辐射迅速且持续地改变组织微环境中可溶性与不可溶性成分，影响细胞表型、组织构成以及细胞间的物理相互作用和信号传导。这些微环境的改变可促进致癌过程，并影响组织对抗癌治疗的反应。文中讨论了这些反应的实例及其意义，以期为治疗干预提供参考。

原文链接：

Radiation and the microenvironment – tumorigenesis and therapy