文章：

荧光蛋白在体内观察癌症的多种用途

The multiple uses of fluorescent proteins to visualize cancer in vivo

原文发布日期：2005-10-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1717

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Tumour cells can be stably transfected with fluorescent proteins.
2. Tumours and metastases that express fluorescent proteins can be visualized non-invasively in intact animals.
3. Transgenic mice can express a fluorescent protein in all cells or in specific cells, depending on the linkage of the fluorescent protein. These mice can be transplanted with tumours expressing different-coloured fluorescent proteins to create a dual-colour image of the tumour–host interaction.
4. Tumour cells can express two or more different-coloured fluorescent proteins. For example, the nucleus can be labelled with green fluorescent protein and the cytoplasm with red fluorescent protein. This enables nuclear–cytoplasmic dynamics to be visualized in vivo.
5. In vivo imaging can be at the single-cell level. For single-cell imaging on deep organs, reversible skin-flaps and chronic windows can be used. Single-cell imaging can be used to study cancer cell invasion, seeding in distant organs and dormancy.
6. Fluorescent protein imaging has significant advantages over luciferase imaging, including brighter signals, substrate independence, availability in multiple colours, and simpler and cheaper equipment requirements.
7. In vivo fluorescent imaging can be used to visualize the efficacy of candidate cancer drugs in real time in mouse models of human cancer.
8. Fluorescent proteins can be used for 'molecular imaging' to visualize the effects of single-gene changes — for example, on cancer metastasis or drug sensitivity.
9. Future uses of fluorescent proteins in human cancer diagnosis and therapy are possible — for example, in mouse models, tumours can be selectively and stably transformed in vivo by viral vectors. In the future such an approach might be used in humans to visualize tumour growth and response to therapy in real time.

要点翻译：

1. 肿瘤细胞可被稳定转染荧光蛋白。
2. 表达荧光蛋白的肿瘤及转移灶能在活体动物中实现无创可视化。
3. 转基因小鼠通过荧光蛋白的基因连接方式，可实现全身细胞或特定细胞表达荧光蛋白。这类小鼠可移植表达不同颜色荧光蛋白的肿瘤，从而生成肿瘤-宿主相互作用的双色影像。  
4. 肿瘤细胞能同时表达两种或多种不同颜色的荧光蛋白。例如，细胞核可标记绿色荧光蛋白，细胞质标记红色荧光蛋白，借此在活体内实时观察核质动态变化。  
5. 活体成像可达到单细胞分辨率。针对深部器官的单细胞成像，可采用可逆皮瓣术式或慢性观察窗技术。单细胞成像可用于研究癌细胞侵袭、远处器官定植及休眠行为。  
6. 相较于荧光素酶成像，荧光蛋白成像具有显著优势：信号更明亮、无需底物、多色可选、设备要求更简单经济。  
7. 活体荧光成像可实时观测候选抗癌药物在人类癌症小鼠模型中的疗效。
8. 荧光蛋白可用于"分子成像"，直观展示单基因改变（如对癌症转移或药物敏感性的影响）的效应。  
9. 荧光蛋白在未来人类癌症诊疗中具应用潜力：例如在小鼠模型中，病毒载体可实现肿瘤的选择性稳定体内转化。未来此类技术或可应用于人类，实时监测肿瘤生长及治疗反应。

英文摘要：

Naturally fluorescent proteins have revolutionized biology by enabling what was formerly invisible to be seen clearly. These proteins have allowed us to visualize, in real time, important aspects of cancer in living animals, including tumour cell mobility, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. These multicoloured proteins have allowed the colour-coding of cancer cells growing in vivo and enabled the distinction of host from tumour with single-cell resolution. Visualization of many aspects of cancer initiation and progression in vivo should be possible with fluorescent proteins.

摘要翻译： 

天然荧光蛋白通过使原本不可见的生物过程变得清晰可见，彻底改变了生物学研究。这些蛋白使我们能够在活体动物中实时观察到癌症的关键特征，包括肿瘤细胞的移动、侵袭、转移和血管生成。这些多彩的蛋白不仅实现了体内癌细胞的颜色标记，还能在单细胞水平上区分宿主细胞与肿瘤细胞。借助荧光蛋白，癌症发生与发展的诸多方面都有望在活体中得到可视化研究。

原文链接：

The multiple uses of fluorescent proteins to visualize cancer in vivo