文章：

护士健康研究：妇女的生活方式和健康

The Nurses' Health Study: lifestyle and health among women

原文发布日期：2005-05-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1608

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. The Nurses' Health Study is the first large prospective cohort study of women with updated exposure assessment for a broad range of lifestyle factors, endogenous hormones and DNA, in relation to risk of cancer.
2. The Nurses' Health Study can assess overall risks and benefits of lifestyle factors by evaluating them in relation to a range of cancers and other chronic conditions, and in terms of total mortality.
3. Using diet data, which was first collected in 1980, we showed that alcohol intake is related to an increased risk of breast cancer independent of other dietary factors. Adult dietary-fat intake was not related to increased breast cancer risk in this and subsequent prospective studies.
4. The long-term use of multivitamins containing folate is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer. This association was confirmed by findings from several studies, including the discovery that a functional polymorphism in the methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase gene was associated with increased colon cancer risk and that plasma levels of folate were inversely related to colon cancer risk.
5. Both oestrogen and testosterone levels in postmenopausal women are related to an increased risk of breast cancer. Because of this, plasma oestrogen and testosterone levels are now being added to risk-prediction models for breast cancer.

要点翻译：

1. 护士健康研究是首个针对女性的大型前瞻性队列研究，该研究持续更新多种生活方式因素、内源性激素和DNA与癌症风险的关联数据。
2. 通过评估各类生活方式因素与一系列癌症及其他慢性疾病的关系，并结合总死亡率进行分析，护士健康研究能够全面评估生活方式因素的整体风险与收益。
3. 利用1980年首次收集的饮食数据，我们发现酒精摄入量与乳腺癌风险增加相关，且这种关联独立于其他饮食因素。在本研究及后续前瞻性研究中，成年期膳食脂肪摄入量与乳腺癌风险增加未见关联。
4. 长期服用含叶酸的复合维生素可降低结肠癌风险。该关联得到多项研究证实，包括发现亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因的功能性多态性会增加结肠癌风险，而血浆叶酸水平与结肠癌风险呈负相关。
5. 绝经后女性的雌激素和睾酮水平均与乳腺癌风险增加相关。因此，目前乳腺癌风险预测模型已开始纳入血浆雌激素和睾酮水平的评估指标。

英文摘要：

The Nurses' Health Study has grown from a simple questionnaire-based study initiated in 1976 to a rich resource of information collected over 29 years. Important details about lifestyle have been collected throughout the study and, as the study has progressed, blood samples and DNA from buccal cells have been collected and stored. Tumour samples have also been collected from participants who developed cancer. Through analyses that integrate information from these various sources we are advancing our understanding of the causes of cancer and the potential for prevention.

摘要翻译： 

“护士健康研究”自1976年作为一项简单的问卷调查启动以来，已发展为跨越29年、信息丰富的资源库。研究持续收集了大量生活方式的重要细节，随着进展，还采集并储存了血液样本及来自颊黏膜细胞的DNA。对发展为癌症的参与者，也收集了肿瘤组织样本。通过整合这些不同来源信息的分析，我们正深化对癌症病因及预防潜力的理解。

原文链接：

The Nurses' Health Study: lifestyle and health among women