文章：

基因工程小鼠用于癌症预防研究的前景

The promise of genetically engineered mice for cancer prevention studies

原文发布日期：2005-03-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1565

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Identifying effective cancer chemopreventive agents will significantly reduce cancer morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk individuals.
2. Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of cancer must be assessed carefully for their relevance to human disease and for their predictive power for determining a cancer-prevention response in humans.
3. Relatively fast and inexpensive testing of selected compounds can be performed using appropriate mouse models.
4. Stage-specific responses to chemopreventive agents can be determined using GEM models, unlike TUMOUR XENOGRAFT models.
5. Combination therapies targeting multiple oncogenic pathways can be performed readily in mouse models.
6. GEM colon cancer models can be used to study the effects of chemopreventive agents on tumours arising from genetic lesions that are associated with multi-step carcinogenesis.
7. Mammary cancer mouse models have demonstrated that certain preventive agents might prevent the transition from pre-invasive to invasive carcinoma.
8. Nutritional supplements that target different molecular pathways are effective in a prostate cancer model.
9. The ultimate goal remains the establishment of improved models that can be used for the predictive testing of preventive responses in humans.

要点翻译：

1. 识别有效的癌症化学预防药物将显著降低癌症发病率和死亡率，尤其是对高风险人群而言。
2. 必须仔细评估基因工程小鼠癌症模型与人类疾病的相关性及其在预测人类癌症预防反应方面的效力。
3. 利用合适的小鼠模型可对选定化合物进行相对快速且成本低廉的测试。
4. 与肿瘤异种移植模型不同，基因工程小鼠模型可用于确定化学预防药物在癌症不同阶段的疗效。
5. 小鼠模型可便捷地实施针对多条致癌通路的联合治疗方案。
6. 基因工程结肠癌模型能用于研究化学预防剂对多阶段癌变相关基因突变所诱发肿瘤的作用。
7. 乳腺癌小鼠模型证实某些预防性药物或能阻止从原位癌到浸润性癌的转变。
8. 针对不同分子通路的营养补充剂在前列腺癌模型中展现成效。
9. 最终目标仍是建立更优化的模型系统，用于预测性评估人类癌症预防干预效果。

英文摘要：

Sophisticated genetic technologies have led to the development of mouse models of human cancers that recapitulate important features of human oncogenesis. Many of these genetically engineered mouse models promise to be very relevant and relatively rapid systems for determining the efficacy of chemopreventive agents and their mechanisms of action. The validation of such models for chemoprevention will help the selection of appropriate agents for large-scale clinical trials and allow the testing of combination therapies.

摘要翻译： 

先进的基因技术已发展出能够重现人类肿瘤发生关键特征的小鼠癌症模型。许多此类基因工程小鼠模型有望成为评估化学预防药物疗效及其作用机制的相关且相对快速的系统。验证这些模型在化学预防中的有效性，将有助于筛选适合大规模临床试验的药物，并允许联合疗法的测试。

原文链接：

The promise of genetically engineered mice for cancer prevention studies