文章：

饮食和癌症——欧洲癌症和营养前瞻性调查

Diet and cancer — the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

原文发布日期：2004-03-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1298

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Diet is thought to be one of the most important contributing factors to cancer risk, but is linked to metabolic and genetic factors.
2. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) — a study of over 500,000 people in 10 European countries — was devised to investigate the relationship between diet, metabolic and genetic factors, and cancer.
3. In the EPIC study, food consumption has been measured by country-specific questionnaires that were designed to capture local dietary habits and to provide high compliance. At the time of enrolment, weight, height, lifestyle and personal history data were also collected, along with biological samples including plasma, serum, leukocytes and erythrocytes, from approximately 400,000 individuals, which have been stored in liquid nitrogen.
4. Over 9 million samples have been stored, making the EPIC centres, collectively, the largest biorepository in the world that is available for genetic, metabolic, biochemical and epidemiological data.
5. Subsets of the EPIC study, called 'The Eurogast project' and 'Genair', have been initiated to investigate correlations between tumour-associated genetic mutations, polymorphisms, diet and cancer.
6. EPIC study data are already available on the associations between dietary fibre intake and colorectal cancer, and between fat intake and breast cancer.
7. Large, prospective studies are the best way to study the interaction between diet and cancer.
8. Information on lifestyle and environmental exposure, especially of diet and biomarkers, can only be accurately determined by studying large populations over prolonged periods of time.

要点翻译：

1. 饮食被认为是影响癌症风险最重要的因素之一，但与代谢和遗传因素相关。
2. 欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）——一项针对10个欧洲国家50余万人的研究——旨在探讨饮食、代谢及遗传因素与癌症之间的关联。
3. 在EPIC研究中，通过采用符合各国饮食习惯的特定问卷来评估食物摄入量，以确保较高的参与依从性。入组时还收集了约40万参与者的体重、身高、生活方式及个人病史数据，同时保存了包括血浆、血清、白细胞和红细胞在内的生物样本，这些样本均储存于液氮环境中。
4. 目前该研究已储存超过900万份样本，使EPIC中心共同成为全球最大的可用于遗传、代谢、生化和流行病学数据研究的生物样本库。
5. EPIC研究已启动名为"欧洲胃肠计划"和"Genair"的子项目，旨在探究肿瘤相关基因突变、多态性、饮食与癌症之间的关联。
6. EPIC研究数据已揭示了膳食纤维摄入与结直肠癌、脂肪摄入与乳腺癌之间的关联。
7. 大规模前瞻性研究是探索饮食与癌症相互作用的最佳途径。
8. 关于生活方式和环境暴露（特别是饮食和生物标志物）的信息，只有通过长期大规模人群研究才能准确获取。

英文摘要：

Diet is thought to be one of the most important contributing factors to cancer risk. The contribution of diet to cancer is linked to genetic factors, and uncovering the details of this linkage requires that very large studies be carried out over long time periods, with a detailed analysis of food intake. For this reason, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition — a study of over 500,000 people in 10 European countries — was devised, to investigate the relationship between diet, metabolic and genetic factors, and cancer. How will this study be run, and will it be able to avoid some of the problems of measurement error that were previously encountered with other dietary studies?

摘要翻译： 

饮食被认为是影响癌症风险最重要的因素之一。饮食对癌症的影响与遗传因素有关，要揭示这种关联的具体机制，需要进行长期、大规模的研究，并对食物摄入进行详细分析。因此，欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）应运而生，该研究涵盖10个欧洲国家的50多万人，旨在探讨饮食、代谢和遗传因素与癌症之间的关系。这项研究将如何进行？它能否避免以往饮食研究中出现的测量误差问题？

原文链接：

Diet and cancer — the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition