文章：

干细胞和乳腺癌：一个正在发展的领域

Stem cells and breast cancer: A field in transit

原文发布日期：2003-11-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1212

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. Stem cells have a long life and a large replicative potential, making them good candidates for the cells of origin of cancer.
2. The adult mammary gland requires stem cells, or a stem-cell-like activity, to fulfil the demands of pregnancy-dependent epithelial expansion and replace cells that are lost through routine cell turnover.
3. Evidence for the existence of specialized adult mammary stem cells comes from transplantation, retroviral tagging and X-chromosome-linked gene-inactivation studies.
4. Current evidence points to an undifferentiated, suprabasal cell, with a slow proliferative rate that has characteristics in common with stem cells from other tissues, as the best candidate for an adult mammary epithelial stem cell.
5. Experimental evidence from the transplantation of tumour-cell subpopulations and from animal models supports the view that breast stem cells are the cells in which mammary cancers are initiated.
6. Therapeutic or prophylactic targeting of breast stem cells provides a novel approach to breast cancer treatment that is aimed directly at the cells of origin of the tumour.

要点翻译：

1. 干细胞寿命长且具有强大的复制潜力，这使其成为癌症起源细胞的理想候选者。
2. 成年乳腺需要干细胞或类似干细胞的功能活动，以满足妊娠期依赖性上皮扩张的需求，并替换因常规细胞更新而丢失的细胞。
3. 来自移植、逆转录病毒标记和X染色体连锁基因失活研究的证据表明，存在特化的成体乳腺干细胞。
4. 现有证据指出，一种未分化的基底上层细胞——具有低增殖率且与其他组织干细胞共有特征——是成体乳腺上皮干细胞的最佳候选者。
5. 来自肿瘤细胞亚群移植和动物模型的实验证据支持这一观点：乳腺干细胞是乳腺癌发生的起始细胞。
6. 针对乳腺干细胞的治疗性或预防性靶向为乳腺癌治疗提供了新途径，该方法直接作用于肿瘤的起源细胞。

英文摘要：

Evidence that supports the existence of a tumour stem cell for breast cancer has given fresh impetus to the search for an adult mammary epithelial stem cell in the normal breast. Such a cell might be responsible for routine tissue renewal and the massive expansion in epithelial tissue that the breast undergoes during pregnancy, and might be the cell of origin of most, if not all, breast tumours. So, what evidence is there that an adult mammary epithelial stem cell exists, what is its possible identity and what opportunities might the identification of such a cell present for the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategies for treating breast cancer?

摘要翻译： 

支持乳腺癌肿瘤干细胞存在的证据，为寻找正常乳腺中的成体乳腺上皮干细胞注入了新的动力。这种细胞可能负责日常组织更新以及乳腺在妊娠期间所经历的巨大上皮组织扩张，并且可能是大多数（如果不是全部）乳腺肿瘤的起源细胞。那么，有哪些证据表明成体乳腺上皮干细胞确实存在？它可能具有怎样的身份？鉴定这种细胞可能为开发治疗乳腺癌的新型治疗和预防策略带来哪些机遇？

原文链接：

Stem cells and breast cancer: A field in transit