文章目录

利用膳食中的植物化学物质预防癌症

Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals

原文发布日期：2003-12-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1189

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

要点翻译：

英文摘要：

摘要翻译：

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文章：

利用膳食中的植物化学物质预防癌症

Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals

原文发布日期：2003-12-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1189

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

Many population-based studies have highlighted the ability of macronutrients and micronutrients in vegetables and fruit to reduce the risk of cancer. Recently, attention has been focused on phytochemicals — non-nutritive components in the plant-based diet that possess cancer-preventive properties.
Despite remarkable progress in our understanding of the carcinogenic process, the mechanisms of action of most chemopreventive phytochemicals have not been fully elucidated.
Chemopreventive phytochemicals can block initiation or reverse the promotion stage of multistep carcinogenesis. They can also halt or retard the progression of precancerous cells into malignant ones.
Many molecular alterations associated with carcinogenesis occur in cell-signalling pathways that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. One of the central components of the intracellular-signalling network that maintains homeostasis is the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs).
Numerous intracellular signal-transduction pathways converge with the activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP1. As these factors mediate pleiotropic effects of both external and internal stimuli in the cellular-signalling cascades, they are prime targets of diverse classes of chemopreventive phytochemicals.
Basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors such as NRF2 regulate expression of phase II enzymes, which detoxify carcinogens and protect against oxidative stress. A number of phytochemicals have been shown to induce expression of phase II enzymes via NRF2.
β-Catenin, a multifunctional protein that was originally identified as a component of cell–cell adhesion machinery, is another important molecular target for chemoprevention. Several dietary phytochemicals have been shown to target this molecule.

要点翻译：

多项人群研究已证实，蔬菜水果中的宏量营养素与微量营养素具有降低癌症风险的作用。近年来，研究焦点逐渐转向植物化学物——这类植物性饮食中的非营养性成分展现出癌症预防特性。
尽管我们对致癌过程的认识取得了显著进展，但大多数化学预防性植物化学物的作用机制尚未完全阐明。
这类化学预防物质能够阻断多阶段致癌过程的起始阶段，或逆转促进阶段，亦可阻止或延缓癌前细胞向恶性细胞的进展。
与致癌相关的分子改变多发生于调控细胞增殖和分化的信号通路中。维持细胞内稳态的信号网络核心组件之一是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶家族(MAPKs)。
多种细胞内信号转导通路通过激活转录因子NF-κB和AP1实现信号汇聚。由于这些因子在细胞信号级联中介导内外刺激的多效性作用，它们成为各类化学预防性植物化学物的主要作用靶点。
诸如NRF2等碱性螺旋-环-螺旋转录因子可调控Ⅱ相代谢酶的表达，这些酶能解毒致癌物并抵御氧化应激。研究显示多种植物化学物可通过NRF2诱导Ⅱ相代谢酶表达。
β-连环蛋白是一种多功能蛋白，最初被确定为细胞间粘附装置的组成部分，现已成为化学预防的另一重要分子靶点。若干膳食来源的植物化学物已被证实可作用于该分子。

英文摘要：

Chemoprevention refers to the use of agents to inhibit, reverse or retard tumorigenesis. Numerous phytochemicals derived from edible plants have been reported to interfere with a specific stage of the carcinogenic process. Many mechanisms have been shown to account for the anticarcinogenic actions of dietary constituents, but attention has recently been focused on intracellular-signalling cascades as common molecular targets for various chemopreventive phytochemicals.