文章：

肿瘤细胞侵袭和迁移：多样性和逃逸机制

Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms

原文发布日期：2003-05-01

DOI: 10.1038/nrc1075

类型: Review Article

开放获取: 否

要点：

1. The process of tumour-cell invasion and metastasis is conventionally understood as the migration of individual cells that detach from the primary tumour, enter lymphatic vessels or the bloodstream and seed in distant organs.
2. Novel imaging techniques (both in vitro and in vivo), together with re-evaluation of histopathological pattern formation in tumours, have provided a detailed view of cellular and molecular migration dynamics in cancer cells.
3. Cancer cells disseminate from the primary tumour either as individual cells, using amoeboid- or mesenchymal-type movement, or as cell sheets, strands and clusters using collective migration.
4. Cancer-cell migration is typically regulated by integrins, matrix-degrading enzymes, cell–cell adhesion molecules and cell–cell communication.
5. Cancer therapeutics designed to target adhesion receptors or proteases have not yet been show to be effective in clinical trials. This might be due to the fact that the cancer cell's migration mechanisms can be reprogrammed, allowing it to maintain its invasive properties via morphological and functional de-differentiation.
6. These adaptation responses include the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), the mesenchymal–amoeboid transition (MAT) and the collective–amoeboid transition (CAT).
7. Further studies are required to identify the factors that are involved in each type of cell migration, as well as related escape strategies that are used by cancer cells after pharmacotherapeutic intervention.

要点翻译：

1. 肿瘤细胞侵袭与转移的过程，传统上被理解为单个细胞从原发肿瘤脱离，进入淋巴管或血流，并在远处器官定植的迁移过程。
2. 新型成像技术（包括体外和体内）以及对肿瘤组织病理学模式形成的重新评估，为癌细胞的细胞和分子迁移动力学提供了详细视角。
3. 癌细胞从原发肿瘤播散时，既可以采用阿米巴样或间质型运动方式以单个细胞形式迁移，也可以通过细胞片层、索状结构和细胞簇的形式进行集体迁移。
4. 癌细胞的迁移通常受整合素、基质降解酶、细胞间黏附分子和细胞间通讯的调控。
5. 针对黏附受体或蛋白酶设计的癌症治疗药物尚未在临床试验中显示出有效性。这可能是由于癌细胞的迁移机制可以被重编程，使其能够通过形态和功能上的去分化维持侵袭特性。
6. 这些适应性反应包括上皮-间质转化（EMT）、间质-阿米巴转化（MAT）和集体-阿米巴转化（CAT）。
7. 需要进一步研究以确定各类细胞迁移所涉及的因素，以及癌细胞在药物治疗干预后采用的相关逃逸策略。

英文摘要：

Cancer cells possess a broad spectrum of migration and invasion mechanisms. These include both individual and collective cell-migration strategies. Cancer therapeutics that are designed to target adhesion receptors or proteases have not proven to be effective in slowing tumour progression in clinical trials — this might be due to the fact that cancer cells can modify their migration mechanisms in response to different conditions. Learning more about the cellular and molecular basis of these different migration/invasion programmes will help us to understand how cancer cells disseminate and lead to new treatment strategies.

摘要翻译： 

癌细胞具备多种迁移与侵袭机制，既包括单个细胞迁移，也包括集体迁移策略。然而，在临床试验中，针对黏附受体或蛋白酶的抗癌疗法并未能有效减缓肿瘤进展——这可能是因为癌细胞能够根据不同条件调整其迁移方式。深入了解这些不同迁移/侵袭程序在细胞与分子层面的基础，将有助于我们理解癌细胞如何扩散，并为新的治疗策略提供方向。

原文链接：

Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms