Background/Objectives: Kidney cancer (RC) is a significant global health burden. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. Its predominant histological subtype is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which is frequently diagnosed at an advanced local stage or with metastases. Detecting cancer at an early stage significantly increases the likelihood of a cure; therefore, research on new markers and a thorough understanding of tumor biology are essential. This study investigated the significance of aromatase (ARO), cathepsin S (CTSS), and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) as potential biomarkers in ccRCC.Methods: ARO, CTSS, and MMP-1 concentrations in plasma were determined using SPRi biosensors. Appropriate antibodies were used as biorecognition molecules in the biosensors. The samples analyzed came from 60 patients with histopathologically confirmed clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and from 26 patients diagnosed with chronic cystitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Results: A statistically significant increase (p< 0.00001) in the concentration of all proteins compared with the control samples was observed at the T3–T4 stage. The ARO concentration was already statistically significantly higher at the T1–T2 stage (p< 0.00001). The ROC curve for aromatase demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detecting ccRCC, with a cut-off point of 7.53 ng mL−1. A moderate positive correlation was also found between the concentrations of the three tested substances in renal cancer, which may indicate potential interactions in the tumor’s pathogenesis.Conclusions: SPRI testing has been shown to be an alternative to standard methods for detecting potential ccRCC markers. The biosensors used in the study can simultaneously determine ARO, CTSS, and MMP-1. The results obtained suggest the potential importance of these proteins in the development of ccRCC, and our work proposes a new diagnostic technique that may aid in the diagnosis of ccRCC.
背景/目的：肾癌是全球重大的健康负担。肾细胞癌是肾癌最常见的类型，其中主要的组织学亚型是透明细胞肾细胞癌，该类型常在局部晚期或已发生转移时才被确诊。早期发现癌症能显著提高治愈可能性，因此研究新标记物并深入理解肿瘤生物学至关重要。本研究探讨了芳香化酶、组织蛋白酶S和基质金属蛋白酶1作为透明细胞肾细胞癌潜在生物标志物的意义。
方法：采用SPRi生物传感器测定血浆中芳香化酶、组织蛋白酶S和基质金属蛋白酶1的浓度，生物传感器中使用特异性抗体作为生物识别分子。分析样本来自60例经组织病理学确诊的透明细胞肾细胞癌患者，以及26例诊断为慢性膀胱炎或良性前列腺增生的患者。
结果：在T3-T4分期中，所有蛋白浓度相较于对照组均出现统计学显著升高（p<0.00001）。芳香化酶浓度在T1-T2分期已呈现统计学显著增高（p<0.00001）。芳香化酶的ROC曲线在检测透明细胞肾细胞癌时显示出高敏感性和特异性，截断值为7.53 ng/mL。三种检测物质在肾癌中的浓度呈中度正相关，这可能提示它们在肿瘤发病机制中存在潜在相互作用。
结论：SPRi检测技术可作为发现潜在透明细胞肾细胞癌标志物的标准方法的替代方案。研究中使用的生物传感器能同步测定芳香化酶、组织蛋白酶S和基质金属蛋白酶1。所得结果表明这些蛋白在透明细胞肾细胞癌发展中的潜在重要性，本研究提出的新型诊断技术可能有助于透明细胞肾细胞癌的临床诊断。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家