Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) comprises a spectrum of abnormal proliferative changes in the endometrium, ranging from benign glandular overgrowth to lesions with substantial malignant potential. The importance of risk stratification and early identification is highlighted by the growing recognition of EH as a precursor to endometrial cancer. The main causes of EH, according to epidemiological research, include obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), metabolic dysfunction, and extended exposure to unopposed estrogen. Emerging molecular markers, histological analysis, and imaging are all necessary for a proper diagnosis of EH because it might appear with vague clinical symptoms such as irregular uterine bleeding. Surgical intervention or progestin therapy are two possible management techniques for EH, depending on the lesion’s intricacy and the patient’s medical history, including fertility issues. Personalized therapy techniques and recent developments in molecular profiling have the potential to enhance patient outcomes by matching treatment to tumor biology and individual risk profiles. This review highlights the translational potential of molecular insights while synthesizing the most recent data on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic techniques, and therapy of EH. A deeper comprehension of these elements is necessary to maximize treatment results and stop the development of endometrial cancer.
子宫内膜增生（EH）涵盖了一系列子宫内膜异常增殖性病变，其范围从良性腺体过度增生到具有显著恶性潜能的病变。随着EH被日益确认为子宫内膜癌的前驱病变，风险分层和早期识别的重要性愈发凸显。根据流行病学研究，EH的主要病因包括肥胖、多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）、代谢功能障碍以及长期暴露于无拮抗的雌激素环境中。由于EH可能仅表现为不规则子宫出血等模糊临床症状，其准确诊断需结合新兴分子标志物检测、组织学分析和影像学检查。针对EH的管理策略包括手术干预或孕激素治疗，具体方案取决于病变复杂程度及患者病史（包括生育问题）。分子分型技术的最新进展与个体化治疗策略相结合，有望通过使治疗方案与肿瘤生物学特性及个体风险特征相匹配，从而改善患者预后。本综述在整合EH流行病学、危险因素、诊断技术和治疗方法最新数据的同时，着重探讨了分子生物学见解的转化潜力。深入理解这些要素对于优化治疗结果、阻止子宫内膜癌进展至关重要。
Endometrial Hyperplasia: Current Insights into Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Management
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家