文章：

美国脑肿瘤患者在诊断、治疗及预后方面的差距：一项前沿综述

Gaps in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Patients with Brain Tumors in the United States: A State-of-the-Art Review

原文发布日期：13 December 2025

DOI: 10.3390/cancers17243982

类型: Article

开放获取: 是

英文摘要：

Brain tumors, both malignant and non-malignant, represent a persistent global health challenge. Differences in diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes are influenced by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and geographical location. Brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors rank 19th in global cancer incidence and 12th in cancer-related mortality. U.S. Incidence is higher in females and individuals with greater socioeconomic means, contrasting with global patterns where males are more affected. Glioblastoma has a wide variation in incidence and survival by state, with rural regions showing higher mortality despite lower incidence, often due to reduced access to specialized care. Non-Hispanic Black children with CNS tumors experience higher mortality than their White peers, even after adjusting for SES. Outcomes are generally poorer in low- and middle-income countries, where healthcare infrastructure remains limited. Biological and genetic differences may also influence treatment response and tumor behavior across population groups. This review outlines key variations in brain tumor care, with a key focus on the United States, and emphasizes the need for patient-centered strategies to ensure timely diagnosis, consistent treatment, and improved outcomes.

摘要翻译： 

脑肿瘤，包括恶性和非恶性类型，是全球持续面临的健康挑战。诊断、治疗及预后差异受到种族、民族、社会经济地位及地理位置的影响。在全球范围内，脑及中枢神经系统肿瘤的发病率位列癌症第19位，死亡率位列第12位。美国数据显示，女性及社会经济条件较好的群体发病率更高，这与全球男性更易受累的模式形成对比。胶质母细胞瘤的发病率和生存率在不同州之间存在显著差异，农村地区尽管发病率较低，但因难以获得专业诊疗，死亡率反而更高。非西班牙裔黑人儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤患者的死亡率高于白人儿童，即使在调整社会经济因素后差异依然存在。中低收入国家的医疗基础设施普遍有限，患者预后通常较差。不同人群间的生物学和遗传学差异也可能影响治疗反应和肿瘤行为。本综述概述了脑肿瘤诊疗中的关键差异，重点关注美国情况，并强调需要以患者为中心制定策略，以确保及时诊断、规范治疗并改善预后。

原文链接：

Gaps in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Patients with Brain Tumors in the United States: A State-of-the-Art Review