Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) constitute a class of non-coding RNAs traditionally associated with ribosomal RNA modification. However, recent research has revealed that these molecules participate in a wide range of cellular processes with significant implications for cancer biology. This review examines the emerging evidence on snoRNA dysregulation in various tumor types, where they can function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We analyze the multiple molecular mechanisms through which snoRNAs contribute to malignant transformation, including the generation of specialized ribosomes, alternative splicing regulation, epigenetic modulation, and post-transcriptional regulatory functions. We discuss the potential of snoRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as emerging strategies for their utilization as therapeutic targets. The integration of these findings positions snoRNAs as fundamental players in oncogenesis and opens new avenues for the development of clinical tools in precision cancer medicine.
小核仁RNA（snoRNAs）是一类传统上与核糖体RNA修饰相关的非编码RNA。然而，最新研究表明这些分子广泛参与多种细胞过程，对癌症生物学具有重要影响。本综述系统探讨了snoRNAs在不同类型肿瘤中失调的新证据，揭示其既可发挥癌基因功能，也可作为抑癌因子。我们分析了snoRNAs促进恶性转化的多种分子机制，包括特异性核糖体生成、可变剪接调控、表观遗传修饰及转录后调控功能。同时探讨了snoRNAs作为无创生物标志物在癌症诊断与预后评估中的潜力，以及将其作为治疗靶点的新兴策略。这些研究成果确立了snoRNAs在肿瘤发生中的核心地位，为精准癌症医学临床工具的研发开辟了新途径。
Small Nucleolar RNAs as Emerging Players in Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家