Background/Objectives: The genitourinary microbiome and metabolome may contribute to prostate cancer (PC) biology, but evidence remains limited. This pilot study characterizes the urinary microbiota and volatilome in men with PC and investigates microbial and viral DNA in prostate tissue, comparing findings with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: We prospectively enrolled 21 non-metastatic PC patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and 17 BPH controls. Lesional and non-lesional prostate tissues and urine were collected from PC patients, as well as urine samples from BPH participants. DNA samples were tested for sexually transmitted pathogens by multiplex real-time PCR. Urine and prostate tissue were analyzed for human polyomaviruses (JCPyV, BKPyV, MCPyV) by qPCR, bacterial profiles via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and urinary volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) using HS-SPME/GC-MS. Microbial and metabolic profiles were compared, and taxa–metabolites were assessed.Results: JCPyV and BKPyV were detected in urine and tissue from PC patients; MCPyV was detected only in tissue, at low frequency. In BPH, viral prevalence was lower and MCPyV was absent. JCPyV/BKPyV co-infection was common in cancer. No sexually transmitted pathogen emerged. PC patients showed greater urinary microbial diversity and five enriched genera, along with specific metabolic pathways. 36 urinary VOMs were identified, with 14 differing significantly, with positive correlations between PC-associated genera and metabolites. In contrast, prostate tissue was low-biomass, dominated byPseudomonas, and showed no significant differences between lesional and non-lesional areas.Conclusions: This preliminary, hypothesis-generating study indicates that urinary, rather than tissue, microbial and volatilome signatures show clearer differences between PC and BPH. These findings suggest possible microbiota–metabolite interactions in PC but require validation in larger cohorts.
背景/目的：泌尿生殖道微生物组与代谢组可能在前列腺癌（PC）生物学中发挥作用，但相关证据仍有限。本项探索性研究旨在描述PC患者的尿液微生物群与挥发性代谢组特征，并检测前列腺组织中的微生物及病毒DNA，同时将结果与良性前列腺增生（BPH）进行对比。 方法：我们前瞻性纳入21例接受根治性前列腺切除术的非转移性PC患者及17例BPH对照者。收集PC患者的癌灶与非癌灶前列腺组织及尿液样本，以及BPH参与者的尿液样本。通过多重实时PCR检测DNA样本中的性传播病原体；采用qPCR分析尿液及前列腺组织中人多瘤病毒（JCPyV、BKPyV、MCPyV），通过16S rRNA基因测序解析细菌谱，并利用HS-SPME/GC-MS技术检测尿液挥发性有机代谢物（VOMs）。比较微生物与代谢谱差异，并评估菌群-代谢物关联。 结果：在PC患者的尿液和组织中检出JCPyV与BKPyV；MCPyV仅以低频率存在于组织中。BPH组病毒检出率较低且未发现MCPyV。JCPyV/BKPyV共感染在癌症中较为常见。未发现性传播病原体。PC患者尿液微生物多样性更高，存在5个富集菌属及特定代谢通路。共鉴定出36种尿液VOMs，其中14种存在显著差异，且PC相关菌属与代谢物呈正相关。相比之下，前列腺组织生物量较低，以假单胞菌属为主，且癌灶与非癌灶区域无显著差异。 结论：这项初步的假设生成研究表明，相较于组织样本，尿液微生物与挥发性代谢组特征在PC与BPH间呈现更明显的差异。这些发现提示PC中可能存在微生物群-代谢物相互作用，但需在更大规模队列中加以验证。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家