Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) arise from lymphoid neogenesis in non-lymphoid organs and are driven by persistent inflammation mediated by chemokines and cytokines. In cancer, TLS orchestrate immune mechanisms relevant to tumor growth and thereby influence clinical outcomes. Observations of a correlation between the presence of TLS and clinical benefits in cancer patients, which suggests that TLS may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, have prompted increased investigation of TLS in tumors. Accumulating evidence indicates that the prognostic and predictive value of TLS is context-dependent and relevant to their cellular composition and functional state. Combining assessments of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with TLS features yields a more refined prognostic tool by capturing both local immune activity and aspects of the broader tumor immune microenvironment. Improved understanding of TLS biology and of their interactions with TILs can enhance predictions of therapeutic response. Furthermore, therapeutic modulation of TLS composition or function to favor antitumor immunity represents a promising strategy to improve treatment outcomes.
三级淋巴结构（TLS）源于非淋巴器官中的淋巴新生过程，由趋化因子和细胞因子介导的持续性炎症驱动。在癌症中，TLS协调与肿瘤生长相关的免疫机制，从而影响临床结局。观察到TLS的存在与癌症患者临床获益之间的相关性——这提示TLS可能作为预后和预测性生物标志物——促使针对肿瘤中TLS的研究日益增多。越来越多的证据表明，TLS的预后和预测价值具有情境依赖性，并与其细胞组成和功能状态相关。通过同时捕捉局部免疫活性和更广泛的肿瘤免疫微环境特征，将肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TILs）评估与TLS特征相结合，可形成更精细的预后评估工具。深化对TLS生物学特性及其与TILs相互作用的理解，有助于提升治疗反应的预测能力。此外，通过治疗性调控TLS的组成或功能以增强抗肿瘤免疫，是改善治疗结局的潜在策略。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家