Background/Objectives: Large-scale, country-specific data on skin cancer predictors are scarce in Hungary. The Euromelanoma campaign offers a decade-long opportunity to investigate constitutional, behavioral, and motivational risk factors in a Central European setting through a national cross-sectional analysis. Methods: Between 2009 and 2018, Hungarian participants underwent dermatological screening. Diagnoses of clinically suspicious skin cancers were based on dermoscopic assessment, as histopathological confirmation was not systematically available. Among 18,598 standardized surveys, logistic regression identified independent predictors of clinically suspicious skin cancers overall and separately for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Results: Clinically suspicious skin cancers were detected in 3.9% of participants (1.7% melanoma, 2.3% NMSC). Strong predictors across all cancer types were atypical nevi (OR 4.75), personal history of NMSC (OR 3.42), and melanoma (OR 1.99). For melanoma, atypical nevi (OR 13.12), prior melanoma (OR 5.95), heavy sunbed use (OR 2.15), and trunk lentigines (OR 1.47) were significant. For NMSC, age (OR 1.08 per year), personal history of NMSC (OR 4.75), family history of melanoma (OR 2.41), and atypical nevi (OR 1.76) were dominant. Screening motivation influenced detection: participants attending for a changing lesion had higher odds of suspicious findings, whereas those attending for routine checks, family/friend history, or “many moles” had lower odds. Conclusions: Over a decade of Euromelanoma screening, atypical nevi, prior skin cancer history, and heavy sunbed use emerged as the strongest predictors of suspicious skin cancers. Participant motivation shaped detection patterns, supporting risk-stratified screening, targeted public education, and stricter regulation of artificial ultraviolet exposure.
背景/目的：匈牙利国内关于皮肤癌预测因素的大规模、国别性数据较为匮乏。欧洲黑色素瘤筛查活动通过一项全国性横断面分析，为研究中欧地区体质、行为及动机性风险因素提供了长达十年的契机。方法：2009年至2018年间，匈牙利参与者接受了皮肤病学筛查。临床可疑皮肤癌的诊断基于皮肤镜评估，因组织病理学确认未能系统实施。通过对18,598份标准化问卷进行逻辑回归分析，确定了临床可疑皮肤癌总体及黑色素瘤与非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的独立预测因素。结果：3.9%的参与者检出临床可疑皮肤癌（黑色素瘤1.7%，非黑色素瘤皮肤癌2.3%）。所有癌症类型的强预测因素包括非典型痣（比值比4.75）、非黑色素瘤皮肤癌个人史（比值比3.42）和黑色素瘤个人史（比值比1.99）。黑色素瘤的显著预测因素为非典型痣（比值比13.12）、既往黑色素瘤病史（比值比5.95）、频繁使用日光浴床（比值比2.15）和躯干雀斑样痣（比值比1.47）。非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的主要预测因素为年龄（每年比值比1.08）、非黑色素瘤皮肤癌个人史（比值比4.75）、黑色素瘤家族史（比值比2.41）及非典型痣（比值比1.76）。筛查动机影响检出率：因皮损变化参与筛查者可疑病变检出几率更高，而因常规检查、家族/朋友病史或“多发性痣”参与筛查者检出几率较低。结论：在长达十年的欧洲黑色素瘤筛查中，非典型痣、既往皮肤癌史和频繁使用日光浴床成为可疑皮肤癌的最强预测因素。参与者的筛查动机影响了检出模式，这支持开展风险分层筛查、针对性公众教育及加强人工紫外线暴露监管。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家