Background:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a significant public health concern in Ethiopia. However, data on non-infectious risk factors are scarce.Methods:We conducted an age- and sex-matched hospital-based case–control study at two referral hospitals in Ethiopia, enrolling 207 NHL cases and 405 controls. Self-reported occupational, medical, and lifestyle-related exposures were collected via structured interviews. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), adjusting for education and residence.Results:NHL cases were predominantly male (64.3%) with the majority diagnosed between ages 36–65. Low-grade NHL was the most common subtype (56.4%). Rural residence (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.71–4.0) and lower educational level (OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.33–3.15) were significantly associated with NHL. Occupational exposures, including gardening (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.04–2.2), pesticide use (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.34–3.40), agricultural work (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12–2.83), and keeping farm animals within the household (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.51–3.84) were linked to higher NHL odds. In contrast, smoking (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.17–0.55) and alcohol consumption (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.87) were inversely associated with NHL. A history of infection requiring hospitalization (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.15–3.96) and tonsillectomy/uvulectomy (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.19–5.71) were associated with increased NHL odds. Subgroup analysis revealed stronger associations between occupational exposures and high-grade NHL, while low-grade NHL was linked to tonsillectomy/uvulectomy.Conclusions:Occupational, medical, and lifestyle-related factors are associated with NHL risk in Ethiopia.
背景：非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）是埃塞俄比亚一项重要的公共卫生问题。然而，关于非感染性危险因素的数据十分匮乏。 方法：我们在埃塞俄比亚的两家转诊医院开展了一项基于医院的年龄与性别匹配的病例对照研究，共纳入207例NHL病例和405例对照。通过结构化访谈收集了自我报告的职业、医疗及生活方式相关暴露信息。采用条件Logistic回归模型估算调整后的比值比（AOR）及其95%置信区间（CI），并对教育水平和居住地进行了调整。 结果：NHL病例以男性为主（64.3%），大多数病例确诊年龄在36至65岁之间。低级别NHL是最常见的亚型（56.4%）。农村居住地（AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.71–4.0）和较低教育水平（OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.33–3.15）与NHL显著相关。职业暴露，包括园艺活动（AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.04–2.2）、农药使用（AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.34–3.40）、农业劳动（AOR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12–2.83）以及家庭内饲养牲畜（AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.51–3.84），均与较高的NHL发生风险相关。相比之下，吸烟（AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.17–0.55）和饮酒（AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.87）与NHL呈负相关。有需要住院治疗的感染史（AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.15–3.96）以及扁桃体/悬雍垂切除术史（AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.19–5.71）与NHL风险增加相关。亚组分析显示，职业暴露与高级别NHL的关联更强，而低级别NHL则与扁桃体/悬雍垂切除术相关。 结论：在埃塞俄比亚，职业、医疗及生活方式相关因素与非霍奇金淋巴瘤的风险相关。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家