Background: Sarcopenia assessment provides significant prognostic information that outperforms body mass index and will help to guide interventions to optimize survival outcomes in cancer patients. Computed tomography (CT) is an opportunistic tool used for the assessment of low muscle mass criteria of sarcopenia in cancer patients, while nutritional ultrasound (NU) cutoff points for sarcopenia have been recently proposed. The objective of the present review is to evaluate if NU has a comparable accuracy as CT for the assessment of sarcopenia in cancer patients and could be useful in clinical setting. Methods: Systematic review was registered in Open Science Framework. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched in May and updated in August 2025. All published studies in which patients were evaluated using only one of the previously mentioned modalities, or those involving subjects with non–cancer-related pathologies, were excluded. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias of selected studies with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tools, and results are presented following the PRISMA 2020 model for systematic reviews. Results: Six studies comprising a total of 1011 patients (57.27% male) were evaluated. Accuracy, variability, and agreement between NU and CT are presented. Conclusions: Main limitations of the evidence include the heterogeneity among studies and their risk of bias. Nevertheless, NU can be a useful tool for sarcopenia diagnosis and can provide a closer and a more flexible follow-up in cancer patients than CT.
背景：肌肉减少症评估能提供优于体重指数的显著预后信息，有助于指导干预措施以优化癌症患者的生存结局。计算机断层扫描（CT）是评估癌症患者肌肉减少症低肌肉质量标准的常用工具，而营养超声（NU）用于诊断肌肉减少症的临界值近期已被提出。本综述旨在评估NU在癌症患者肌肉减少症评估中是否具有与CT相当的准确性，及其在临床实践中的应用价值。 方法：本系统综述已在开放科学框架平台注册。于2025年5月检索PubMed和Scopus数据库，并于同年8月更新检索。排除仅使用单一影像学方法评估患者或涉及非癌症相关疾病受试者的已发表研究。由两名评审员独立使用美国国立卫生研究院质量评估工具对纳入研究的偏倚风险进行评估，并依据PRISMA 2020系统综述报告规范呈现结果。 结果：共纳入6项研究，涉及1011例患者（男性占比57.27%）。研究呈现了NU与CT在诊断准确性、变异性和一致性方面的比较数据。 结论：现有证据的主要局限性包括研究间的异质性和偏倚风险。尽管如此，NU可作为诊断肌肉减少症的有效工具，与CT相比能为癌症患者提供更便捷、灵活的随访监测方案。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家