Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are a diverse group of rare thymic tumors that arise from thymic epithelial cells. The rarity of these tumors has limited therapeutic advancements due to difficulty to enroll patients into Phase II and III clinical trials. Historically surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been the mainstay therapeutic options for these patients with the development of new therapeutics hindered by the rarity, histological and molecular heterogeneity, and lack of actionable mutations. However, more recently, innovations in immunotherapy, next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) have transformed the therapeutic landscape with more promising therapies currently under investigation. In this review we evaluate the histology and molecular subtypes of TETs, and discuss the therapeutic landscape including the current standard-of-care regimen as well as drugs that are currently in clinical trials.
胸腺上皮肿瘤是一组起源于胸腺上皮细胞的罕见胸腺肿瘤。由于难以招募患者参与II期和III期临床试验，这类肿瘤的罕见性限制了治疗进展。历史上，手术、放疗和化疗一直是这些患者的主要治疗选择，而新疗法的开发则因肿瘤罕见性、组织学和分子异质性以及缺乏可操作突变而受阻。然而，近年来，免疫疗法、新一代酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和胸腔内热灌注化疗的创新已经改变了治疗格局，目前正在研究更多有前景的疗法。本综述评估了胸腺上皮肿瘤的组织学和分子亚型，并讨论了包括当前标准治疗方案以及目前处于临床试验阶段的药物在内的治疗格局。
Current Clinical Paradigm and Therapeutic Advancements in Thymic Malignancies: A Narrative Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家