Introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted agents has markedly improved outcomes and extended survival in urothelial and renal cell carcinoma. However, the substantial subset of cases are treatment-resistant. Emerging strategies aim to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. One area of growing interest and promise is the microbiome. The microbiome plays a complex and dynamic role in regulating the immune system, and represents a new frontier as a promising target for modulating response to immunotherapy. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the microbiome, its interactions with immunotherapy, novel avenues for microbiome modification, and potential implications for the treatment of urothelial and renal cell carcinoma.
免疫检查点抑制剂和靶向药物的引入显著改善了尿路上皮癌和肾细胞癌患者的预后并延长了生存期。然而，仍有相当一部分病例存在治疗抵抗。新兴策略旨在提高免疫疗法的有效性。其中，微生物组作为一个日益受到关注且前景广阔的领域，在调节免疫系统中扮演着复杂而动态的角色，并成为调控免疫治疗反应的新兴靶点。本综述总结了当前对微生物组的认识进展、其与免疫治疗的相互作用、微生物组调控的新途径，以及对尿路上皮癌和肾细胞癌治疗的潜在意义。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家