Melanoma poses a growing concern for women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, when physiological changes can influence disease presentation and management. While women generally engage more in protective behaviors than men, significant disparities in awareness and preventive practices persist, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities. Pregnancy-associated hormonal and mechanical changes may alter the morphology of nevi, necessitating vigilant dermatologic monitoring. Photoprotection strategies should prioritize safety for both mother and fetus, emphasizing mineral-based sunscreens and behavioral interventions. Although standard diagnostic and treatment approaches remain broadly applicable during pregnancy, advanced melanoma presents unique therapeutic challenges. Targeted therapies like BRAF inhibitors may offer maternal benefits in selected cases, although data are limited, whereas immunotherapies require cautious consideration due to potential fetal risks. Ultimately, optimal care of melanoma during pregnancy demands a multidisciplinary approach that integrates dermatologic, obstetric, oncologic, and pediatric expertise to balance maternal health needs with fetal safety. This review addresses awareness and preventive behaviors in women of reproductive age, pregnancy-related changes in melanocytic nevi, and management considerations during pregnancy.
黑色素瘤对育龄女性构成日益严重的健康威胁，尤其在妊娠期，生理变化可能影响疾病表现与临床管理。尽管女性普遍比男性更注重防护行为，但在认知水平和预防措施方面仍存在显著差异，少数族裔群体尤为突出。妊娠相关的激素与机械性改变可能影响色素痣形态特征，需要加强皮肤科监测。光防护策略应优先保障母胎安全，重点推荐矿物基防晒霜及行为干预措施。虽然标准诊疗方案在妊娠期基本适用，但晚期黑色素瘤的治疗面临特殊挑战。BRAF抑制剂等靶向治疗在特定情况下可能使母体获益（尽管数据有限），而免疫疗法因潜在胎儿风险需审慎评估。最终，妊娠期黑色素瘤的最佳管理需要整合皮肤科、产科、肿瘤科及儿科专业的多学科协作，在保障母体健康需求与胎儿安全之间取得平衡。本综述系统探讨育龄女性认知与防护行为、妊娠期黑素细胞痣变化特征及妊娠期间临床管理要点。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家