Purpose: To achieve a better understanding of the environmental factors that contribute to childhood cancers, so as to inform future prevention efforts. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies on environmental risk factors and childhood cancer, which was published between January 2014 and March 2021. Potential exposure sources presented in this review include air pollution, radiation, and parental occupational exposures. We considered exposures during childhood and parental exposures occurring before the child’s conception and during pregnancy in relation to all types of childhood cancer. Results: Aggregated evidence is strong for associations between leukemia and parental/child exposure to traffic pollution, indoor paints, residential pesticides, and parental occupational/nonoccupational exposure to benzene. Evidence is also strong for associations between brain cancer and residential pesticides and parental occupational exposure to agricultural pesticides. Evidence of associations between leukemia and ionizing radiation from radon and nuclear power plants remains mixed, as does evidence of a link between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and childhood leukemia. Conclusions: Clear associations have been demonstrated between childhood cancer and environmental factors, including parent/child exposure to traffic pollution, occupational/nonoccupational benzene, indoor paints, residential pesticides, and parental occupational exposure to agricultural pesticides. These associations can be used to inform further study of interventions and public health campaigns to reduce risk.
目的：旨在深入理解导致儿童癌症的环境因素，为未来的预防工作提供依据。方法：我们对2014年1月至2021年3月期间发表的关于环境风险因素与儿童癌症的流行病学研究进行了全面综述。本综述涵盖的潜在暴露源包括空气污染、辐射以及父母职业暴露。我们考虑了儿童期暴露以及父母在子代受孕前及孕期暴露与各类儿童癌症的关联性。结果：综合证据表明，白血病与父母/儿童暴露于交通污染、室内涂料、住宅杀虫剂以及父母职业/非职业苯暴露之间存在强关联性。脑癌与住宅杀虫剂及父母职业农业杀虫剂暴露之间也存在强关联证据。关于白血病与氡及核电站电离辐射关联的证据仍存在不一致性，电磁场与儿童白血病关联的证据同样存在矛盾。结论：儿童癌症与环境因素之间存在明确关联，包括父母/儿童暴露于交通污染、职业/非职业苯暴露、室内涂料、住宅杀虫剂以及父母职业农业杀虫剂暴露。这些关联可为后续干预措施研究和降低风险的公共卫生行动提供参考依据。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家