(1) Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck malignancy worldwide. Despite the prevalence of modern diagnostic and prognostic techniques, late diagnosis and resistance to treatment still result in a low 5-year survival rate, high recurrence rate, and frequent malignant metastases. Increasing evidence indicates that bacteria of the oral microbiome, such as the Gram-negative anaerobicPorphyromonas gingivalis, may play a crucial role in the initiation and development of OSCC by inducing periodontitis. Indeed, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and dysregulated immune response have been attributed to the activity of a dysbiotic microbiota. This comprehensive review examines the influence ofP. gingivalison oral carcinogenesis and progression, which has been associated with tumour microenvironment remodelling and the dysregulation of key signalling pathways related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell-cycling, autophagy, and apoptosis. (2) Methods: The article reviews current literature on the possible role ofP. gingivalisand induced dysbiosis, periodontitis and a pro-inflammatory environment as key mechanisms driving neoplastic epithelial changes and chemoresistance to anticancer agents in patients with OSCC; the research corpus was acquired from the Pub-Med/Medline/EMBASE/Cochrane Library databases. (3) Results: The identification of virulence factors and key mechanisms used byP. gingivalisto promote the development and progression of OSCC may support traditional diagnostic methods and factors related to treatment response and prevention of OSCC. (4) Conclusions: Emerging evidence suggests a possible association between periodontal bacteria and oral carcinogenesis.P. gingivalismay be an important potential target for future strategies aimed at treating oral cancer.
(1) 背景：口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是全球范围内最常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤类型。尽管现代诊断和预后技术日益普及，但晚期诊断和治疗抵抗仍导致其五年生存率低、复发率高且恶性转移频发。越来越多的证据表明，口腔微生物组中的细菌，如革兰氏阴性厌氧菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌，可能通过诱发牙周炎在OSCC的发生发展中起关键作用。事实上，上皮-间质转化（EMT）和免疫反应失调已被归因于菌群失调的微生物活动。本综述系统探讨了牙龈卟啉单胞菌对口腔癌发生发展的影响，这种影响与肿瘤微环境重塑及上皮-间质转化（EMT）、细胞周期、自噬和凋亡等关键信号通路失调密切相关。(2) 方法：本文综述了当前关于牙龈卟啉单胞菌及其诱导的菌群失调、牙周炎和促炎环境作为驱动OSCC患者上皮细胞癌变及抗癌药物耐药关键机制的文献；研究资料来源于Pub-Med/Medline/EMBASE/Cochrane图书馆数据库。(3) 结果：明确牙龈卟啉单胞菌促进OSCC发生发展的毒力因子和关键机制，可为传统诊断方法及OSCC治疗反应和预防相关因素提供支持。(4) 结论：新近证据表明牙周细菌与口腔癌发生可能存在关联。牙龈卟啉单胞菌可能成为未来口腔癌治疗策略的重要潜在靶点。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家